QUESTION 1 In developing an annual budget accompanies may choose to adopt either top down budgeting approach or bottom up budgeting approach. In the finance ministry bottom down budgeting was a traditional way used in budget formulation. Top down budgeting came in the 1990s as a motivation to curb the fiscal deficits in which it lead to fiscal crisis in other countries. Top down budgeting was found that it helps and manages well the fiscal deficit efficiently unlike bottom up budgeting approach.
products, contributing towards a smooth stages are vital. According to Akraine, in this phase, “The production department will establish plans to make the products. The marketing department will make plans to distribute the product. The finance section will provide the finance for bringing out the new
well as previous year: (Rs in Crores) PARTICULARS F.Y(2012-13) CY(2011-12) Revenue from operations 2959.03 2554.44 Profit before finance cost depreciation & taxation 238.26 196.74 Finance cost 109.67 93.82 Depreciation & amortization expenses 56.51 47.31 Profit before tax(PBT) 72.08 55.61 Tax expense 2.83 3.63 Profit after taxation(PAT) 69.25 51.98 Interim equity dividend paid including tax 15.28 Nil Proposed
INTRODUCTION Dubai’s position to appear as a developing market had made it an optimal place for the development of entrepreneurship. New residents from different countries have been an advantage for Dubai to open even more markets. The government also supports upcoming entrepreneurs through various organizations that help in advancing the young and fresh entrepreneurial talents. These organizations aim at stimulating young leaders in becoming an essential part in improving the regional economy. They
machine. Meanwhile terrene pharma also offered consulting services to various users.It is managed by three key executives representing production, marketing sales, and finance. These executives bring to the company substantial and diversified experience in chemical/drug manufacturing, regulatory compliance, management and finance
dealing with the patients because delay in the treatment process would affect an individual in a negative manner. Moreover, it is a core duty of the top officials of health care institution and state to provide all sorts of assistance in terms of finance and resources in order to enhance the quality of health care services to the utmost level (Goldman, et al.,
What is HDI? HDI is the abbreviation for Human Development Index which is an International organisation that were created to emphasise people and what they are capable of, in addition; to question National policy choices on the specific country’s Gross Domestic Income (GNI) and how it offers to develop human development outcomes. Therefore, the HDI is a measure of average key dimensions on human development, whereby people can live a healthy live, be knowledgeable and also be able to have a standard
In March 2010, Congress passed the largest overhaul in health reform history, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA). The ACA increases admittance to insurance treatment, expands private insurance markets, and imposes the establishment of health exchanges that are to provide small businesses admittance to insurance. The expenses to the federal government’s expansion of health insurance are expected to be compensated by promoting new taxes and by reducing spending on Medicare. The implementation
stock corporation with a huge number of shareholders. Their organizational structure is more complicated as a result of their diversification around the world, and it includes the shareholders, board of directors, chief executive officer (CEO), chief finance officer (CFO), managers of different departments, and the non-managerial employees N. K. Arora (personal communication, October 13, 2015). 11) What are the organizational vision and the objectives they are trying to achieve? a. Our vision is to supply
Political - In the wake of the slowdown of the manufacturing sector in the past two years, and the fall in the automobiles production, the finance ministry had allowed excise duty concessions for the automobiles till 30th June this year. But while presenting the budget for the first time after assuming the chair of Finance Minister, Mr. Arun Jaitley has extended the duty cut for another six months to December 31 this year. This has given a much needed boost to the Automobile Industry, which was