Russian Revolution Causes

1367 Words6 Pages
The Russian Revolution is commonly regarded as one of the most significant events of the 20th century and as one of the most radical revolutions ever in human history. It resulted in the abdication of the ruling Tsar Nicholas II and herewith ended the over 400-year-old tsarist regime in 1917. The revolution led to the rise of the Bolshevik movement and later resulted in the implementation of communism in Russia. While the revolutionary movement commenced from the peasants (creating 80 % of the Russian population), it is debatable whether or not the First World War impacted the outbreak of the Revolution. However, the war destabilized the country politically and economically and can therefore be considered as the key factor to the outbreak of…show more content…
When Russian military plans developed and suggested to invade Germany, Nicholas appointed his cousin Nikolaevich as the commander of the army in chief ("Russian Revolution"). Nikolaevich, a rather inexperienced leader, led the army into great humiliations: 150000 men were lost during the Battle of Tannenburg in 1914 (With about 30000 men killed) for example ("Russian Revolution"). After one year of several severe military defeats, Tsar Nicholas II made one of his most fatal mistakes: He dismissed Nikolaevich and began to control the army himself ("Russian Revolution"). This decision resulted in two major consequences: Firstly, Nicholas´s distance from the Eastern front in 1914 and 1915, had protected him from harsh criticism and the leading generals were made responsible for the military failures. Now, the Tar was personally made responsible for the losses at the front, resulting in a decline of the infallibility that many Russian believed he had. Secondly, as Nicholas gave power to his German-born wife Alexandra, the Russian population began to question her accountability and surmised possible sympathy with the German government. Therefore, because of the Tsar´s increased involvement in the war, the Russian population began to question the Regime significantly. Conditions even worsened, when military failures led to inflation: The cost of…show more content…
Although conditions were already unsatisfying before the war, proven by the Revolution of 1905, the war practically coerced the outbreak of a revolution. Tsar Nicholas II´s short-sighted political leadership and the lack of developed decisiveness revealed themselves during the war and disillusioned the society about the Regime. The combination between being successful on a military basis and improving the social and economical conditions in the country were not mastered; Because of the war, the infrastructure was heavily damaged and food scarcity developed leading to severe famines. At the same time, Russia´s losses in the war weakened the image of the Tsar was made responsible because of his involvement in the military. Inflation exacerbated conditions heavily and personal scandals in the form of Gregori Rasputin were the last straws that finally resulted in a revolution. Nobody calculated with the abdication of the Tsar and billions of dollars were invested in Russia´s obligations and securities by France for example (Pipes 45). Only with the outbreak of the war, the true inept leadership of the tsar was shown: While peasants demanded for more land and better living conditions, the way Russia was led through the war produced the exact opposite and even worsened the conditions in Russia. According to professor Richard Pipes the “Russian
Open Document