Population Growth In Australia

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In 2012, Australia was listed as the 51st most populous country in the world with the estimated population of 22.8 million. This country is also seen as one of the most heavily urbanized countries in the world with the human settlement dominated by six major cities. In 2010, the Commonwealth of Australia released a report that showed the population was projected to expand to nearly 36 million, by more than a half in the coming four decades (p. 8). The intense growth is reputed to be the result of Australian Government’s adopting population growth policies. Australia’s number of denizens has transformed since deliberate immigration policies in 1947 and fertility encouragement policies in 2004. The argument that larger population will exacerbate…show more content…
More people are seen as a bigger labor force for the country that is considered to be the solution for the aging problem – one of the main factors contribute to the slowdown of economic growth. Several problems associated with aging are listed as follows: slowing per capita growth, requiring quality advancements in health care services, rising dependence ratio and costs for pension. All these factor will affect negatively on government budget and economic growth. The Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2007) reported that the population aging has been occurring for a quite long time and in the next 30 years the number of people aged 65 and above is anticipated to rise more than than double (p. 5). In order to solve the problem of aging population, the government should adopt policies that ameliorate participation rate. The policies to increase labor force contain two main part: immigration and birth rate. Immigration plays an important part in improving the ageing of the population by creating a number of people who are in working age, younger than the average of residents; normally migrants are juveniles or adults younger than 40-year-old because the elders tend to stabilize in their current countries. Another determinant to increase the population is fertility rate. When the children are grown up, they become the priceless human resources for their…show more content…
Environmental degradation is defined as the disintegration of the earth by deteriorating the environment and eradicating wildlife. The dwindling of arable land, open space, natural resources and increase of waste discharges, species extinction, environment pollution are relatively corresponding to population growth. Water shortage may occur because more and more households, farms and factories are using water. Deforestation may occur as building, cooking and producing cut trees for materials. Soil contamination may occur because land is used for grazing and agriculture with toxic chemicals. Desertification may occur as land becomes arid after being over exploited by inconvenient farming actions. The air, water and land may become polluted as people discharge more waste, use more energy, increase CO2 emission with transportation means and industrializing economy. According to Ehrlich and Holdren (1971), not only is there a connection between population size and per capita damage to the environment, but the cost of maintaining environmental quality at a given level escalates disproportionately as population size
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