Writing is an important skill contributing to the student’s language learning. However, learning how to write is not easy because writing is considered the most difficult skill to acquire. According to Zacharia (2007), it requires having a certain amount of L2 background knowledge about the rhetorical organization, appropriate language use or specific lexicon with which they want to communicate their ideas. Therefore, the teachers have to make an effort to help students enhance their writing skill
Writing research has foundations, which span the last 60-years, starting in the area of language acquisition theory in both behavioral and psychological areas of education research (Katayama, 2007). These foundational works formed the basis of why and how we teach, practice, learn and assess foreign language writing. The development of research in this area is not without their share of debate. Foreign scripts are defined in the context of this review as characters that not only have different phonetic
and the history of the first language is a participatory factor in the acquisition of the second language (L2) and its maintenance. The Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis indicates that the structure and shape of the L1 of an individual are different from those the L2 that could create errors in speaking, reading and writing (Dulay et al., 1982). Similarities and differences between L1 and L2 acquisition will be outlined in terms of various theories. 2.0 Similarities between First and Second Language
well-established language conventions. In contrast to written corrective feedback, other types of feedback address different aspects and/or features of writing than correctness or incorrectness. In the case of argumentative writing, for instance, feedback may be provided in the form of suggestions for possible improvements. As a case in point, a writing instructor could suggest that student writers strengthen their arguments by adding supportive evidence. Similarly, feedback could be given by raising
justify the process of language learning and teaching process. Writing is an essential component of English foreign language. In the recent years scholars indicated, writing can be regarded as one of the main issues in the world of EFL. According to Olive (as cited in: Sarıca H.Ç. & Usluel Y.K .2015, p. 11) Writing is one of the most complex cognitive activities and involves a great number of cognitive components. The main objective of writing course at various level is to prepare the students to write
Literature Review 2.1. Overview This study focuses on the teachers perceptions regarding the use of L1 in English classrooms. More specifically, what are the English teachers’ perceptions toward using Persian in classroom in different institutes in Kermanshah? And also in what circumstances and for what purposes do they prefer to switch to the mother tongue. This chapter will focus on the literature that I found helpful to understand these questions 1) what are the supports for the monolingual approach;
A study " Reading difficulties in grade six learners and challenges faced by teachers in teaching reading" which conducted by Linda Mwanamukubi (2013) aimed to discover the factors that contribute to causing reading difficulties among the learners of grade six and the challenges faced by teachers in teaching reading. The sample contained 206 participants from 10 schools in Chadiza and Chipata districts of the Eastern province of Zambia by applying quantitative and qualitative research designs and
INTRODUCTIONS Writing is one of the skills that need to be mastered in language learning and most people admit it is a difficult process even for their first language. In learning and writing in foreign language or second language it can only be more complicated. Numerous research indicate that for beginners in learning English Foreign Language (EFL), there were tendencies of interference from their first language in their process of writing in English (Benson, 2002 and Cedar, 2004). In fact, writing in English
The basic purpose of this research is to give a detailed insight into writing errors and the factors behind these errors. It is needed here to make a distinction between mistakes and errors in order to analyze learners’ errors in a proper perspective. According to Brown (2000), a ‘mistake’ refers to a performance errors, that is failure to utilize a known system correctly, whereas, an ‘error’ is a deviation from the grammar of NSs, reflecting the Inter-language competence of the learner. The difference
Review of Related Literature Language pedagogy has experienced three major approaches in writing: the product, the process, and the post process (genre) writing approaches. The product approach This approach aimed to underline form and syntax and the stress was on rhetorical drills (Silva, 1990).It encourages students to produce an end product which may be likened to a model essay normally provided by teachers. The main aim of the approach is to provide some linguistic knowledge to language students