said that a person should drink more than 100 glasses of soda per day to be infected by cancer. The national toxicity program proved that 4-Mel on sodas is toxic and leads to infertility, dysfunction of thyroid, and liver and lung cancer. After this report by the NTP, 4-Mel was added to the list of the chemicals linked to cancer in the state of California. Prop 65 consumer protection laws helped the state of California to ban the use of carcinogen and required a cancer warning label on all the coke
Specific goals were to achieve 10-12% acidity using constructed lab scale production facilities and to characterize the species of vinegar bacteria used in acetification. Vinegar is the product made from the conversion of ethyl alcohol to acetic acid by a genus of bacteria, Acetobacter. Therefore, vinegar can be produced from any alcoholic material from alcohol-water mixtures to various fruit wines. Its colour and
BASIC TESTS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF BACTERIA GRAM STAIN A. SMEAR PREPARATION The preparation of a smear is required for many laboratory procedures, including the Gram-Stain. The purpose of making a smear is to fix the bacteria onto the slide and to prevent the sample from being lost during a staining procedure. A smear can be prepared from a solid or broth medium. Below are guidelines for preparing a smear for a Gram-stain. Safety • Wear gloves • Avoid aerosols • Care must be taken when heat fixing
chemical and biological contaminations no more render them potable. Water borne diseases are one of the main reasons for premature mortalities in the world, especially among the economically weaker sections.[1] Children are vulnerable to attacks by the bacteria and viruses, the main reason being contaminated water sources. Infant mortality due to diarrhea in the economically poorer sections exceed all other causes of mortality .[2,3] The challenge is to develop scientific yet economically feasible materials
polyclonal (sheep) antibodies against rabbit IL-1β were isolated. The ELISA assay allows the quantitative determination of the endogenous rabbit fever signal IL-1β. Comparison of three pyrogen tests Test: Rabbit LAL WBT Pyrogens Bacteria gram-negative + + + Bacteria gram-positive + - + Fungi + - + Applications Biologicals + - + Pharmaceuticals + + + Medical Devices - + + Air quality - (+) + Blood components - -
pointed down into the flame, starting near the handle and then moving the loop into the flame. This technique sterilizes the loop and, if wet with a culture, heats up the loop without spattering bacteria into the air and onto the surrounding area. • 5-Let the loop cool a minute. A hot loop will damage the bacteria cells. • 6-Using the fingers of the "loop hand" remove the cap from the stock culture tube and flame the tube mouth. DO NOT set the tube top down on the table. • 7-Insert the cooled sterilized
Lakes are relatively small to large water bodies surrounded by land on all sides sustaining an ecosystem in and around them. Lakes have been an integral part of the ecological system by providing natural abode for plants, animals and microorganisms. Increase in urbanization and industrialization has led to the destruction and in the reduction of lakes in the city of Bangalore, Surviving lakes in Bangalore are reduced to cesspools due to direct discharge of industrial effluents and unregulated dumping
INTRODUCTION Photosynthesis is a chemical process in which plants, algae and certain bacteria produce oxygen and glucose using the energy from the sunlight. This process is important for life because of the oxygen and glucose released; these products are used in many life processes. Photosynthesis takes places in a wide variety of organisms and also comes in different forms; these include a form of photosynthesis that does not produce oxygen which is called anoxygenic and the other form which does
INTRODUCTION Vaccines are used widely in the world. With the discovery of various vaccines mortality rate caused by various infectious organisms have reduced. Their use has been considered one of the safe and effective measures to control various infectious diseases. Plants offer enormous potential as production platforms for vaccines and therapeutic proteins. Vaccines derived from plants present an alternative to conventional vaccines by facilitating safe and effective oral delivery through intake
Biobutanol is also a new biofuel (Liu, Wang, & Zhang, 2009). Production through ABE fermentation of acetone, butanol and ethanol was discovered over 100 years ago. In 1861, Pasteur discovered that anaerobic bacteria could produce butanol. In 1905, Schardinger discovered that anaerobic bacteria could