Previous study by Junn found that the application of token economy for students who answered questions correctly in class has helped students to perform better at school. In this case, the journal Exploration of Classroom Participation in The Presence of a Token Economy aimed to examine whether student’s class participation is influenced by the presence of token economy. This study hypothesised that token reinforcement through giving bonus point increases students participation in class. The participants
school. As a child matures into the role of a secondary level student, parents are often excluded from school activities. The environment and personal characteristics of students play a significant role in their academic success. Factors and determinants of achievement of students or the academic success have been
necessarily signal a poor academic performance and these are not incompatible with each other. It assume that self-concept is a multidimensional construct in which general and academic self-esteem can serve different functions (Marsh & O’Mara, 2008; Pullman & Allik, 2008). Firstly, it is possible that cognitively better developed and academically successful students have a more critical outlook on themselves. Secondly, students with more modest academic abilities compensate their academic deficiency by elevating
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK Varying variables affect the academic performance of an individual. To explain the reason on how different factors relate to the resulting performance of the students, the IPO or Input-process-output concept will be used. IPO model is generally an approach in system analysis where the relation of inputs and outputs are being analyzed. As explained by Janilo Sarmiento (2012), a researcher from Bohol Island State University, the inputs are the variables from the external
significant difference in their achievement scores with respect to their psychological variables like intelligence, memory, and stress. 6. To study the degree of association (relationship) between psychological variables and achievement of English among secondary school students. 7. To find out whether achievement scores could be predicted based on intelligence, memory, and stress 8. To find out the main effect of intelligence, memory, and stress on the academic achievement. 9. To find out the interaction
This theory revolves around the emotions like enjoyment and anxiety which may be felt by an individual during attainment of achievement related to certain activities. Pekrun's theory is composed of two components: (1) how much value the students give to what they're doing and (2) how much control the students believe that they have towards a task. If the students value what they
stimulus. In the case of this study, behavior is the way parents react toward their children that affects primarily their school’s academic performance. Senge, et. al. (2012), mention that parents, though not within the boundary of their children’s classroom because they are not residents there, their presence is always felt by the performance shown by their children. This conveys that parents’ involvement is always crucial to the functions of the classroom toward the achievement of the educational
years, there has been a greater focus regarding the involvement of parents in the education of their children. It is necessary to understand the role of parents and its impact on the learning outcomes and achievements of children. The involvement of parents serves as a major resource of academic, psychological and social development of their children. The earlier the involvement, the more powerful is its impact on the development of children. Furthermore, it also leads to higher graduation rates,
school success is clearly related to later success and health Promoting optimal child health and development increases the likelihood of school success and is therefore important not only for children's immediate outcomes, but also for their future. Academic underachievement is a final common pathway that may result from multiple etiologies. It is a symptom that takes many different forms. It may be confined to a single area of function or it may affect many functions. It may have multiple forms of expression
THE PERMA MODEL Martin Seligman is the pioneer in happiness and well being concepts being shaped into positive psychology (Compton & Hoffman, 2013). His theory on well-being contains positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment, which create the acronym PERMA (Seligman, 2011). He has undertaken positive relationships and accomplishments along with emotion, engagement and meaning to bring in the concept of well being clearly (Seligman, 2011). According to Seligman, positive