2.1 Integrated watershed management Watershed management is the process of organizing and guiding land, water, and other natural resources used in a watershed to provide the appropriate goods and services while mitigating the impact on the soil and watershed resources. It involves socio-economic, human-institutional, and biophysical inter-relationships among soil, water, and land use and the connection between upland and downstream areas (Ffolliott et al., 2002). In essence, it is resource management
Water resource is an essential for human activities which is a key driver of economic and social development about agricultural, industrial, energy, tourism, and maintain for the ecosystem. Moreover, the water issue is related with natural resource that affected to water resources management. Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) is one of the methods that can be applied for solving the problems of water resources. This concept was adopted in water resource management and planning which is
the granting by the states and local communities of the management of the water service, that is of the aqueducts or springs. This approach is known as "public-private partnership" and started from the second World Water Forum (Hague 2000) organized by the World Water Council and the Global Water Partnership which, together with this partner approach, launched a series of measures: integrated management of the resource; the tariff of water services based on the principle of total cost coverage (full-cost
(1995) has suggested the strategies for integrated coastal zone management in Malaysia. According to him the lack of systematic studies to demonstrates clearly in a comprehensive and quantitative manner, the assessment of benefits accruing from environmental measures and the constraints imposed by competeting policy priority and alternative claims on resources have lead to the expediency of all, often ignoring the environmental dimensions in resource management. Harvard et al. (1996) are of the view
terms of Municipal Systems Act 32 of 2000 chapter 4. Integrated development planning in the South African context is amongst others an approach to planning aimed at involving the municipality and the community to jointly find the best solutions towards sustainable development. IDP is the result of a number of planning processes and comprises of a five year period which correlates to the term of the political incumbents. Furthermore, integrated development planning provides a strategic environment
sustainable development of land resources which meets people’s needs and demands. It assesses the physical, socio-economic, institutional and legal potentials and constraints with respect to an optimal and sustainable use of land resources, and empowers people to make decisions about how to allocate those resources”. (FAO/UNEP1999: 14). The second concept to be cognizant of is Natural Resource Management (NRM) which is defined as "integrated management of natural resources recognizing the values of both
information and communication technology (ICT) to achieve improved logistics process cannot be over emphasized. From materials or equipment tracking to operation simulation, ICT will improve adequate information flow, efficient delivery, prevent damage and theft and enhance the productivity of construction process and its participants. There are many ICT devices are available which can be used to efficiently track construction resources through the supply chain to the construction site. Currently, most delivery
Emas and BEMP: some applications Abstract EMAS, since its first application, has evolved over time. In its last review, it promotes the best environmental management practices through the development of sectoral reference documents that have to be taken into consideration by the “EMAS-registered organizations” in assessing their environmental performance. Many organizations and companies have a wide margin to improve their environmental performance. With the aim to improve their eco-efficiency and
ecosystems in the world. However, the basic concepts of wetland, watershed and wildlife habitat can be explained as follows. i- Wetland- (Cowardin, 1979) defined wetlands as lands characterized by a general or dominant factor of being filled with water atleast if not through out the year but mostly half of the year which determines the kind of soil development and the types of living things that resides on its surface. Wetlands can be termed by different names which can include marsh,bog, and swamp
has become very crucial to establish an endurable agricultural system. Simultaneously, the replenishment of the process catalysts and promoters and minimisation of