1.1 Heat exchangers One of the important processes in engineering is the heat exchange between flowing fluids. Heat exchanger is a device used for the process of heat exchange between two fluids that are at different temperatures. Heat exchangers are one of the mostly used equipments in the process industries. One can realize their usage that any process which involves cooling, heating, condensation, boiling or evaporation will require a heat exchanger for these purposes. Process fluids, usually
Normal conventional coolers provide us cool air, which is quite comfortable in hot and non-coastal areas, but the main disadvantage of these coolers is in coastal areas because they give us humid air, which does not provide much comfortable ambience for human being. Now this difficulty of humid air can be resolved by using air-conditioner which uses Vapour Compression cycle. However, as we know in India, most of the people cannot afford an air-conditioner. Moreover, the electricity bill of an air
HEAT EXCHANGERS AND HEAT INTERCHANGERS A wide variety of heat transfer equipments are used in pharmaceutical industries. They may be used to heat fluids i.e., liquids and gases and some time even solids. Heating media used is generally the hot fluid or steam or direct heating using electric heated coils. Some of the processes which involve heat transfer in pharmaceutical industry are: • Evaporators • Distillation • Drying • Crystallization • Preparation of semisolid dosage forms- creams, ointments
It can adopt many of modification as per the requirement of the world’s benefits and for better coefficient of performance of the system. But it has some disadvantages such as on and off cycle of the compressor, this also fluctuate the temperature in the freezer compartment which may directly affect the quality of the products which required the constant lower temperature such like meat and medicines. In this
a model of the process when the model changes the control parameters and calculates new values on all. The adapting process can be controlled by inputs on the regulator module; nevertheless it is normally active all the time. Advantages and Disadvantages of Adaptive Controller Adaptive Control Pros Adaptive Control Cons • It adapts easily to the process at start up. • Many regulator parameters can be used. • It’s very simple to design. • The regulator normally operates at much larger production
technique where heat transfer media conveys the thermal energy to the cooking pot. This technique is suitable for cooking both indoors and outdoors. Generally, there are three available types of indirect solar cooker as shown in Figure 4: flat-plate collector, evacuated tube collector and concentrating type solar cooker [21]. The collectors are separately located from the cooking unit and the two parts are connected together by heat exchanger pipes. In all these types, an effective heat transfer medium
types and designs of boilers concentrating on how these can be running at the utmost efficiency. Areas to be looked into will include Flue gas temperature, fuel specification and properties, air excess, ambient conditions, radiation and convection heat losses AIMS DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A FIRE TUBE TYPE OF BOILER. A fire-tube boiler is a type of boiler in which hot gases from a fire pass through one or more tubes running through a sealed container of water.
heating function is considered most efficient because it puts less heating pressure on the heating source .geothermal electric energy can be extracted from the earth by installing heat exchangers into the earth. This geothermal energy can or cannot be used with pumpms can be pulled out by earth tubes and exchangers the heat from the earth can be directly tranffered to the radiator for heating
uses solar evaporation to obtain cooling. The basic idea was to design a system that is affordable, consumes less energy and gives the same effect as that of the conventional air conditioner. This system provides satisfactory results. The only disadvantage observed; is long time required to get the desired cooling effect. Keywords: Solar Evaporation, evaporative cooling, water level sensor ---------------------------------------------------------******------------------------------------------------------------
Name: Gloria Makochieng Class: 9R Task: Research on the problems associated with acidity and then discuss how science has been applied to solve them. Acidity Acidity is measured using a pH scale. A pH scale measures the basicity or the acidity of a substance. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14. Substances with a pH level measuring from 0 to 7 are said to be acidic. A lower pH means a higher acidity. Acidic compounds have a high concentration of hydrogen ions. Substances which have such properties