Introduction 1.1 Optical Communication Optical communications make use of lightwaves, very high frequency electromagnetic waves, for information transmission. Modern optical communications were begun in the 1960s, when lasers were invented as a coherent light source [1]. Optical communications has provided unprecedented capacity in modern networks. The rapid growth of the Internet has led to investment in wide band fiber optic networks that now span the planet. The optical communications revolution has also
• Terminator stops signals after reaching end of wire to prevent signal bounce. • Bus topology may have problems while multiple hosts sending data at the same time. Therefore, bus topology uses CSMA/CD technology. Advantages and disadvantages of bus topology: • Advantages:- o Low cost o Easy to connect/ add a computer or peripheral to bus. o Requires less cable length than a star topology. o No need to purchase any additional devices such as switch and hub. • Disadvantages:- o Entire network
BACKGROUD: Verizon communications is also called as Verizon; it is an American broad band and telecommunications company based in New York City, incorporated in Delaware which was formed on June 30th 2000. It is also a merger of Bell Atlantic corp. and GTE corp. The symbol was selected as it uses two letters of Verizon logo that shows the speed and also the name VERITAS, a Latin word which means reliability, certainty, horizon, signifying forward looking and Visionary. As a bellwether to the industry
metals and ceramics. Real examples of laser drilled holes in actual applications are cooling some holes in aero-engine components, holes in fuel injection nozzles, as well as ink-jet printer heads and micro-vias in PCBs. This great invention has many advantages that make it distinctive. Some of them are the following: • It can be used in the medical filed in surgery, endoscopy, angioplasty, hyperthermia of tumors, and photodynamic
GAIL(INDIA) LIMITED GAIL (INDIA) Limited is one of the largest state government owned natural Producing and pipeline distribution company which has its headquarter in New Delhi ,India. It has following business functionalities: Gas Production(Natural),liquid carbon and hydrogen products, liquefied petroleum gas transport ,petrochemicals production city gas distribution, exploring and making gas ,GAIL TELECOM and electricity generation. GAIL has been conferred with Maharatna status on 1st feb 2013
Weaknesses May be affected by adverse changes in the local communication market influenced by general economic conditions of the Maldives Not be able to obtain sufficient money to satisfy its operation and capital expenditure requirements. Maldivian telecommunication market includes competing technologies, Third parties
main strategy was to establish and expand itself by acquiring other companies in the same industry. It became a public traded company when it acquired Advantage Companies Inc. in 1989. It continued this trend as well as merging with other companies for several
Introduction In the modern day world communication plays a vital role when it comes to good relations be it personal or business wise. The nature of communicating has been forced to evolve due to the rapid advancement of technology. One other aspect which has speed up this process is the growth of the World Wide Web (Internet). The internet is simply a global inter-connection between computers across the world, to gain access to this type of connection an Internet Service Provider has to avail the
“THINK GLOBAL, ACT LOCAL”- Seriously? Globalization has become the buzzword of the last two decades. As Tom Fredrick has said in his book The World Is Flat, Friedman recounts on a journey that how globalization is changing the economies of countries as a whole. Friedman recounts many examples of companies to tell us that the world has indeed crpossed national boundaries and is a single marketplace. He cites examples based in India and China that, by providing labor ranging from that of typists and
of all countries have fewer than one out of 20 people with Internet access. From this information, as well as educational data, the ITU was able to compile an index that measures the overall ability of citizens to access and use information and communication technologies. Using this measure, Sweden, Denmark and Iceland received the highest ranking while the African countries Nigeria, Burkina Faso and Mali received the