and get better result, game theory appeared which is defined as the science of interactive decision-making. It is practical and useful to many disciplines, including biology, computer sciences, and various social sciences. In particular, game among nations, to do International Relations (IR) could be deadly risky. Referring to IR, which is the studies of relationships
internationalising and to present as well as contrast different approaches or theories. More specifically the objectives are to introduce Transaction Cost Theory and enumerate several critiques brought to it, to review Hymer's work within the field, to analyze the Uppsala Model and ultimately to compare the economic approach represented by Transaction Cost Theory and the cultural approach represented by Uppsala Model. There are several theoretical approaches that give an answer to the question why businesses are
Weber and Emile Durkheim have had a great influence in the development of sociology. Marx’s “Capitalism”, Weber’s “Bureaucracy” and Durkheim’s “Division of Labour” have significantly created their own spots as major and famous sociological theories. These theories that have been built by sociologists during different eras have been claimed as classics. However, while comparing the emerging forms of division of labour in modern society among different sociologists, it has been seen that all of them
Mediation: Theoretical Issues and Empirical Evidence” by Jacob Bercovitch. Initially, I would like to start with the article composed by Zartman and his approach to diplomacy through the lens of negotiation. The author argues that diplomacy is generally negotiation and that the modern world requires diplomatic negotiation
knowledge may affect the way in which individuals filter and/or store new or existing personal knowledge. That means new information or societal influences may change the individuals’ perspective on their existing personal knowledge, or it may change the way they select
First, top-down perspective takes policy output as the initial point of analysis and disregards act taken earlier in the policy creation process. Secondly, top down proponents tend to see policy implementation as a simply administrative process that pay no attention to political
His theoretical writings influenced the architects of the trend and revealed the relationship between theory and practice. In the first paragraph of Rossi’s book “La architettura della citta” the notion of Neo-rationalism can be summarized: “By architecture of the city we mean two different things: first,
The theory of hegemonic war provides insight into how the world ended up at war. While it does not provide specific reasons as to why each state acted the way they did, it provides a framework for understanding how and why large scale world wars happen. A new
Theories of Social Change In the attempts to investigate the product, process and purpose of change throughout human history, sociologists put forward several theories (i.e. Evolution theory, Cyclical theory, Functional theory, Economic theory, Conflict theory, Technological theory) which operate at micro, meso and macro levels with the categorization under grand, middle-range and substantive consortiums and, they still exist today. Theory can be defined as collection of ideas, concepts, perspectives
framework that is specific to the context under study. Applying theoretical concepts in social sciences mainly political sciences requires the researcher to have an understanding of social reality. Theories have more abilities to illustrate when compared to proving. Numerous theories exist in the area of regional integration, and each one of them is adapted to a certain outcome as well as integration process. In some cases, the theories are combined to generate better results, especially when integration