27% of Americans are spiritual but do not have a religious belief (Lipka and Gecewicz). Spirituality is defined as being in one with your body not just mentally but physically. Typically, spirituality is incorporated into addiction recovery because when someone is addicted, they are dependent on an object that keeps them motivated. Throughout history spirituality and addiction has been an ongoing topic, but more recently has been brought into the spotlight among counselors to serve as a link in therapy
Insomnia and nightmares are characteristic in the symptom cluster or reliving the traumatic event. Trazodone has shown to be effective when treating nightmares and insomnia associated with PTSD (Warner, Dorn, & Peabody, 2001). Currently, the management of PTSD remains symptom driven and
digestive problems, skin complaints, insomnia and ulcers. Excessive prolonged and unrelieved stress can have a harmful effect on mental, physical and spiritual
According to literature, the concept ‘quality of life’ involves several dimensions (Spilker, 1990; Krol, Sanderman, & Suurmeijer, 1993; Doeglas, 2000). The most commonly evaluated aspects of health are the physical, psychological, emotional, spiritual and the social dimensions of quality of life. However, though a number of gratitude interventions have found positive effects, still the recommendation regarding the most effective format, frequency and dose for gratitude intervention has remained
CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study. In every community in the world, there exists a uniqueness that makes one part of the world different from the world. This can be seen in the way people live, there different landform and weather/climate differences but one key element that is common to every country is what we refer to as culture. Culture has been described by various anthropologists in different ways but with common elements that have peculiarity to every definition
Chapter Two: Literature review Introduction English as a second or foreign language has gained much attention during the past decades in almost every country. In Iran English is taught as a foreign language in high-schools as well as in universities (Mirdehghan, HoseiniKargar, Navab, & Mahmoodi, 2011). Aside from different language courses presented in different levels of public academic centers, there are also private institutes that teach different levels of foreign language