being classified as either classical or instrumental methods: a) Classical Methods: For qualitative analysis the separated compounds were then treated with reagents that could be recognized by either color, by their boiling or melting points, their solubility in a series of solvents, their optical activities or their refractive indices. For quantitative analysis, the amount of analyte was determined by gravimetric or titrimetric measurements. Advantages of Classical Methods: 1. Procedure is simple and
is usually introduced as a technique for separating and/or identifying the components in a mixture. The basic principle is that components in a mixture have different tendencies to adsorb onto a surface or dissolve in a solvent.” Royal Society of Chemistry. (http://media.rsc.org/Modern%20chemical%20techniques/MCT5%20Chromatography.pdf) There are multiple different types of chromatography that can be used for different things based on their suitability: - High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
eco-friendly attributes of this process are solvent and green catalyst conditions. The reaction protocol includes advantages of use of green catalyst, short reaction time and easy work-up or purification step, high purity as well as yield of the product. Chemistry: A greener and more facile procedure for the synthesis of quinoline sulfonamide derivatives was developed by using different aldehydes, sulfanilamide, malononitrile and L-proline as catalyst under microwave irradiation in neat condition. (Scheme
Biology Report 6 Name : Tan Mei Jing Student No. : 2017141025 Subject : Paper Chromatography Group : 2 Date of Experiment : 31/10/2017 Date of Submission : 2/11/2017 Objectives To understand the principle and mechanism of paper chromatography. To investigate (and separate) the different pigments present in lettuce leaves by using the paper chromatography technique. Hypothesis Lettuce contains mostly chlorophylls (both α and β) for the green color. Results
Fungal contribution in the etiology of infections has increased considerably. However, as medical technology has improved, The number of infections by intrinsically drug-resistant species has increased rapidly. Despite the constant introduction of new and effective synthetic drugs to the market, medicinal plants, which are the historical basis of therapeutic health care, represent an alternative that is economical, accessible, and applicable to various pathologies, particularly in developing countries
Coagulation Introduction Coagulation and flocculation processes are essential in a number of diverse disciplines including biochemistry, rubber manufacturing and in water and wastewater treatment (Bratby, 2006). These processes are typically used in destabilizing, agglomerating and subsequent removal of particles. Coagulation is a physico-chemical process which neutralizes the colloidal particles in water by a chemical called coagulant. The neutralization forces the colloidal particles to join together
suspended impurities and then evaporated to dryness. The dried crystalline sample was collected and used for the further growth of LAPP conventional crystal. The synthesized crystalline sample was purified by the repeated recrystallization process. The solubility of LAPP is 2.5 gm for 100 ml with room temperature. Single crystals of LAPP were grown from the super saturation solution at room temperature. Well defined morphology of LAPP single crystal of size 12×10×5 mm3 was harvested in a growth
CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 SERUM ALBUMIN Among all the proteins present in blood plasma, Albumin is the most abundant extracellular protein. This is also the most extensively studied of all proteins accounting for about 57 - 60% of the total proteins, which corresponds to a concentration of about 42 g/L [1, 2]. It also provides about 80% of the osmotic pressure of the blood [1] and is used as a model protein for most of the biophysical, biochemical and physicochemical studies [2]. These proteins
Prof. Suparna Mukheji CONTENTS Contents ii List of Figures iii List of TableS iv Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Objectives 2 1.3 Scope of Project 2 1.4 Structure of Report 2 Chapter 2 Literature Review 4 2.1 Introduction 4 2.2 Chemistry of Chlorine as a Disinfectant 4 2.3 Alternative Disinfectants 7 2.3.1 Chloramines 7 2.3.2 Chlorine dioxide 8 2.3.3 Ozone 8 2.4 DBP Precursors 8 2.4.1 Natural Organic Matter (NOM) 8
Maize (Zea mays) is one of the important Kharif crops and largely distributed in the world. It ranks first in world production (868 million tons from 168 million hectares) followed by wheat (691 million tons) and rice (461 million tons). This represents 38% of the total grain production as compared to 30 % for wheat and 20% for rice. Globally maize occupies the fifth largest position in area and sixth position in production, contributing to 2.4% of world production with almost 5% share in world harvested