The next experiment is to purify impure fluorene, using the same techniques as the previous experiment. In order to crystallize fluorene, the ideal solvent have to be determined from toluene, water, and methyl alcohol. Solubility tests were able to confirm that methyl alcohol is the best solution for crystallizing fluorene, as stated in the results. Though methyl alcohol was the best solvent for this experiment, additional solvent was needed to dissolve the fluorene, because methanol has a high evaporating
being classified as either classical or instrumental methods: a) Classical Methods: For qualitative analysis the separated compounds were then treated with reagents that could be recognized by either color, by their boiling or melting points, their solubility in a series of solvents, their optical activities or their refractive indices. For quantitative analysis, the amount of analyte was determined by gravimetric or titrimetric measurements. Advantages of Classical Methods: 1. Procedure is simple and
is usually introduced as a technique for separating and/or identifying the components in a mixture. The basic principle is that components in a mixture have different tendencies to adsorb onto a surface or dissolve in a solvent.” Royal Society of Chemistry. (http://media.rsc.org/Modern%20chemical%20techniques/MCT5%20Chromatography.pdf) There are multiple different types of chromatography that can be used for different things based on their suitability: - High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
eco-friendly attributes of this process are solvent and green catalyst conditions. The reaction protocol includes advantages of use of green catalyst, short reaction time and easy work-up or purification step, high purity as well as yield of the product. Chemistry: A greener and more facile procedure for the synthesis of quinoline sulfonamide derivatives was developed by using different aldehydes, sulfanilamide, malononitrile and L-proline as catalyst under microwave irradiation in neat condition. (Scheme
Biology Report 6 Name : Tan Mei Jing Student No. : 2017141025 Subject : Paper Chromatography Group : 2 Date of Experiment : 31/10/2017 Date of Submission : 2/11/2017 Objectives To understand the principle and mechanism of paper chromatography. To investigate (and separate) the different pigments present in lettuce leaves by using the paper chromatography technique. Hypothesis Lettuce contains mostly chlorophylls (both α and β) for the green color. Results
vitamins make sure to eat green vegetable, fruits, fish or red meets. While reading these chapter It help to understand that how important these tiny vitamins not only for us also it’s important to all the living things in this earths. Since organic chemistry is based on the carbon molecule and some other chemicals it was interesting to know that how vitamins are made by the carbon molecule. . It’s an organic compound that needs a small amount on normal cell function. Vitamins are vigorous to keep the
Introduction: Much of the chemistry dealt with in the laboratory concerns the synthesis of a new product or causing different reagents to react. There is also an important aspect of chemistry that deals with separating out substances, which is known as extraction. Acid-base extraction, which is a subcategory of solvent-solvent interaction, specifically deals with changing the pH of a solution to manipulate the solubility and cause the base or acid solute to dissolve into the aqueous layer. Furthermore
Fungal contribution in the etiology of infections has increased considerably. However, as medical technology has improved, The number of infections by intrinsically drug-resistant species has increased rapidly. Despite the constant introduction of new and effective synthetic drugs to the market, medicinal plants, which are the historical basis of therapeutic health care, represent an alternative that is economical, accessible, and applicable to various pathologies, particularly in developing countries
temperature increases the amount of dissolved oxygen.Stream Temperature Protocol Temperature is a major influence on biological and activity and growth.Temperature governs organisms that can live in rivers or lakes. Temperature is important to water chemistry. The USGS Water Science School The pH level measures the the level of acids and bases in the water. The higher the number the more basic it is. If the pH level is too high or too low it can kill the fish. If the pH levels move away from the range
Coagulation Introduction Coagulation and flocculation processes are essential in a number of diverse disciplines including biochemistry, rubber manufacturing and in water and wastewater treatment (Bratby, 2006). These processes are typically used in destabilizing, agglomerating and subsequent removal of particles. Coagulation is a physico-chemical process which neutralizes the colloidal particles in water by a chemical called coagulant. The neutralization forces the colloidal particles to join together