1. Introduction Africa at least for more than half of century was the condominium of the West except its two parts: Ethiopia and Liberia. Before colonization African societies has lived in state or stateless societies. The society has its own political structure. Those society formed patrimonial political system. Mean a while officially the Europe started colonization in Africa around 1870s. The Europe exploited resources and alienated Africans from any kind of rights. Then the different groups,
by freely acceding information about political issues (Lincoln, 1861-16).A political party is defined as a special form of a social organisation of organised people with familiar political aims and opinions by which they seek to influence the public policy by getting their candidates elected to public offices. The aim of the political party is to fulfil democracy and they fulfil democracy through various supporting functions. Democracy is a government system by all the citizens or eligible members
economic and social development. The purpose of this paper is to discuss why it is important, as a Political
Disputes which infiltrate the society are unavoidable in all aspects of life; this can range from family disagreements to corporate conflicts. One very cost effective yet beneficial method of adjudication with the purpose of resolving disputes in South Africa is Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR). These ADR methods are namely mediation; negotiation, conciliation and arbitration. It is argued that flexibility is the guarantee of ADR. These ADR methods have expanded access to justice for social crowds
By the 1960s, the affliction of Apartheid and repression of internal opposition in South Africa had still not ceased to desist, despite growing world criticism of South Africa's racially discriminatory policies. The basic ideological premise of apartheid was that blacks were not really full citizens of South Africa and, therefore, were not entitled to any official representation. Most Africans had almost no say in the conduct of the state affairs in their countries and were exploited, manipulated
Development and underdevelopment are two terms that have found common usage in Africa’ (Mwaura, 2005: 1). History and experience ‘have taught us that development is a complex process and that no one has all the answers’ (Mkandawire and Soludo, eds. 1998). Rodney (1972:3) states that development in human society is a many-sided process. At the level of the individual, it implies increased skill and capacity, greater freedom, creativity, selfdiscipline, responsibility, and material well-being’.
Apartheid is a discrimination system against other people. It is a system, which oppresses and lifts up one group higher than others. People who are discriminated against are groups. These groups are very different to the group that discriminates. The difference shows in the skin colour, in the religion, in the income and thus the status in the population. The people who are suppressed have less freedom. 2. Apartheid in South Africa In South Africa the apartheid shows in racial segragation. The
In 1756, soon after the Dutch settlers arrived in South Africa, they imported slaves from West Africa, Malaysia, and India, in order to establish their supremacy of whites over non-whites in that area. The white Dutch farmers, also known as Boers, were armed with shotguns as they made their way across land occupied by the Khoi and Bantu people, in order to seize this land, which was used for cattle and animal grazing. Without land, the tribes had no other choice but to work as domestic workers on
social and political problems whom of were later solved by Kwame Nkrumah, Ghana’s President at that time. Ghana was one of the bottom countries in Africa when talking about how Kwame’s biggest achievement as a leader was that he lead Ghana to gain independence from the British. Nkrumah was the first head of state of an independent post-colonial nation in Africa south of the Sahara, shortly after he led Ghana to national liberation under the direction of the Convention People's Party in 1957. During
Seemingly, the adoption of the systems of government including elections did not match African interests from the very beginning of independence as can be observed in Nyerere’s statement from Mwipopo (2011) “the first President of Tanzania argued that, in contemporary Africa, multiparty system had no reason to exist. According Mwalimu Nyerere, unique African societies did not need multi-party system”. This is an indication that elections accruing from the same were also not desirable and hence how