representatives in Panchayati Raj. The constitution of India through right to equality recognized the principle of equality of women in all spheres of life. It can be said that the 73rd constitutional Amendment has a potentially revolutionary nature which mandated for 33 per cent reservation for women in rural bodies. Fifteen years on, with the most states having held three rounds of elections. The presence of 1.2 million elected women representatives in the institutions of local governance in rural India is truly
Trends in Centre-State Relations Till 1967, the centre-state relations by and large were smooth due to one-party rule at the Centre and in most of the states. In 1967 elections, the Congress Party was defeated in nine states and its position at the Centre became weak. This changed political scenario heralded a new era in the Centre-state relations. The non-Congress Governments in the states opposed the increasing centralization and intervention of the Central government. They raised the issue of
The centralised development system in the post-Independence era failed miserably in India, leading to huge corruption, lack of accountability and transparency and as a result, the development of people suffered (……). Finally, the struggle by people and recommendations of several Committees led to the 73rd and 74th Constitutional amendments that established the legitimised three-tier Panchayat Raj Institution (PRI) in 1992. The PRI was introduced in rural areas as a distinct third-tier of the government
CSR in Amul Organizational structure AMUL is a three-tier co-operative organization. First-tier is the co-operative society at the village where milk producers are members, managing the co-operative through a democratically elected managing committee therefore undertaking business by buying milk from members and selling it to the district-level cooperative. There are more than 11,000 cooperatives in villages of Gujarat. The second-tier happens to be the district cooperative that transforms milk
CHAPTER-III ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION: THE POLICY Environmental degradation affects national welfare by damaging human health, economic activities and ecosystems. Because environmental problems represent a classic externality,’ some government regulation is generally warranted. From an economist’s perspective, desirable regulation should weigh two factors: the benefits associated with reduced environmental damage, and the opportunity cost of mitigation. In reality, the extent and focus of government
Implementation and Funding 5.5. International Youth Exchange Programme 5.6. Summing Up 5.7. Key Words 5.8. Further Readings 5.1. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The unit aims to provide an understanding of the various youth related Skill Development Programmes in India. The unit provides detailed information regarding the programmes implemented by the Government