Informal sector has been emerged as the most important and essential sector of a country’s economic activities, especially in the developing countries. Accordingly, the informal sector economic activities are global phenomenon (ILO, 2002a). In Africa, for instance, informal sector workers accounted for almost 80 percent of non-agricultural occupations, over 60 percent of urban employment and over 90 percent of new jobs during the past few decades. According to the International Labour Organization
the economies of these countries. For instance, the sector employs between 35 % and 65% of the labor force; and contributes between 20 % and 40% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in developing countries (Braun and Laoyza, 1994). According to Timalsina (2007), in most developing countries such as India, Nepal, Bangladesh and some Sub-Saharan African countries like Zimbabwe, Malawi, about half of the urban employed population works in the informal trading i.e. street vending since the entrance to
provides an overview of milk sector in Ethiopia, by exploring the current government strategy towards revitalizing the sector, while the focus of the research will take a value chain approach to identify the constraints, opportunities and some of possible interventions and strategies to improve the milk value chain, to contextualization the section opens with an overview of the country perspective and then narrows down the issue to study area. Introduction Ethiopia holds the largest livestock population
3.1. Poverty According to ILO, 2011, women are the first vulnerable group of the society affected by income inequality. It is also the same in Ethiopia. As most of the women have less educational background and limited access to opportunities, they tend to see migration as means of employment(Van Blerk 2007,P.248). The patriarchal culture in Ethiopia favors men in a way that women have limited access to resource , education and trainings opportunities. (Wujira 2011,P.2). As Pearce stated " the
Conceptualising the nature and challenges of public administration and management can be seen as a great impact to Africa becoming a developmental state. Public administration is a tool that guides the delivery of public sector management. In a numerous countries in Africa managing the public sector suggests a continuous mission to good governance. Good governance is one the core requirements of development. This report address describing the nature and challenges of public administration and management
CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE This section presents a brief review of existing theoretical and empirical literature of tax and tax administration. This review of literature establishes the framework for the study and high lights the noticeable strength and weakness of previous studies, which in return help in clearly identifying the gap in the literature and formulating the research question for the study. 2.1. Definitions and Concepts of Tax Taxes are a portion of private wealth, exacted
EMERGING MARKET INSTITUTE _____________________________________________________________________________________ Thesis Submitted to Beijing Normal University In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Professional degree of International Masters of Business Administration By: Johnny Mek Kolkia Thesis Supervisor: Professor Hu Biliang 15th July 2015 OUTLINE