French Revolution Analysis

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The French Revolution, arguably the most discussed historical event to date, reaches across fields of research, theories of history, and international interpretation. By analyzing several of the methods, a display of historian's understanding and historiography of the French Revolution becomes revealed. Each of these theories highlights the debates, perceptions of the Revolutions, implications, results, and meaning in history. Establishing the fundamental paradigm is Marxism, which is dismantled by the Revisionist, followed by the critiques of the Revisionist and ended by an examination of gender and colonial perspective. Focusing on Marxism, responses to Revisionist, and gender, an outline of the historiographical shifts, trends and changes…show more content…
Maza believes that the French Revolution was not brought about by a middle-class bourgeois revolution as Jones suggests. Maza shifts away from economic facts and instead looks at the literature to ask if there was a “middle class.” Using French writers that range from intellectual to the ordinary citizen, Maza argues that societies did not single out middle class-conscious; therefore writers did not see a middle class as a problem or solution. Using this discourse of language in these writings, social and political understanding formulates to show the absence of a French middle class. This application contradicts Jones and Marxist; whose claim of the French Revolution as a bourgeois revolution would fall through. Maza’s shift in methodology in looking at literature sources is…show more content…
Instead, gender historians view the implications of the Revolution on societies, gender identities, and constructions of masculinity and femininity in France. The shift to gender theory of the Revolution reflects the greater trends in historical writing and theory development. By adding gender theory, it not only puts women's actors in the picture, but also allows analysis of gender relations in a society. As such, this research has enabled historians to see the gendered politics of the Jacobins attitudes towards women. Pointing towards a policy that explicitly excluded not only the monarchy but also all women, historians develop ideas of the women body and ways that women overcame this exclusion. Lynn Hunt’s analyzes of the various “bodies” of Marie Antoinette represents one of the significant shifts in Revolution writings, moving away from the dominant political, economic, male-centered rhetoric. Hunt, using pamphlet sources, pornographic images, and court hearings, examines how Antoinette’s body and womanhood represented a perceived political threat to the Republic. Hunt’s use of gender theory allows historians to further understand the Jacobean gender and sexuality attitudes, a shift in historiography otherwise undeveloped. Hunt's research created new openings for historians such as Suzanne Desan’s piece on inheritance laws.
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