COLUMNS USED IN GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY Gas chromatography is a technique used for separating volatile or vaporized constituents of a mixture based on the differences in partition coefficient between a mobile phase which may be gaseous and stationary phase which may be gaseous and stationary phase which may be solid or liquid stationary phase. The sample mixture is vaporized and injected unto the column. The sample then moves through the column and a detector connected to the column records the different
nutritional characteristics, high aw value and low concentration of salt, ricotta has no more than a few days of a shelf life, which mostly depends on the quality of packaging material and the atmosphere inside the packaging (Del Nobile et al., 2009). However, considering the fact that bakery products with cheese filling are subjected to the heat treatment, the result could be a reduction of total number of microorganisms and the change of nutritional and sensorial characteristics of the
observational cross-sectional study. The population is car painting workers and administrative workers with a randomly selected sample of some 11 people for each group. Sampling of air toluene levels done with NIOSH method 1501 and analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Hydrocarbon Analyzer. SGOT and SGPT enzyme analysis was conducted using kinetic UV Methods. While the measurement of blood levels of toluene and SOD using ELISA method. The results showed that air toluene levels in car painting room is 51.7574
1.2. Herbal Drug Substitution The drug which is used as a substitute of the original drug in its absence is referred as Abhava Pratinidhi Dravya in classical texts. This concept about the usage of a substitute drug was well mentioned by Acharya Bhavamishra in his classical work Bhavaprakasha. Bhavaprakasha is an important treatise on Ayurveda being counted as one of the LaghuTrayi (Three minor treatises), others being Madhav Nidan and Sharangdhar Samhita. It is comprehensive in nature containing
lack of knowledge about it. However as time pass through, many methods have been done to extract and isolate the citral content out of the plant. Based on the research done by Nur (2014), the extraction methods used including hydrodistillation, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), microwave-assisted hydrodistillation (MAHD), Soxhlet extraction method, steam and water distillation. Provided different methods, the expected outcome also will be affected. In other words, some common methods such
Materials and Methods Potato peels Fresh potato or eggplant tubers were obtained from local market of Assuit in August 2011. The tubers were washed by water and peeled using kitchen vegetable peeler. The peels were dried in a hot air oven (VEBMLW Medizinische, Gerete, Berlin, Germany) at 200°C for 1 h. The dried peels were ground into a fine powder in laboratory mill (120 Perten, USA). The ground powder that passed through an 80 mesh sieve was packed into polyethylene dark bags and was stored at
Synthesis of an Alkene from an Aldehyde – The Wittig Reaction Abstract The Wittig Reaction, discovered and named after Nobel prize winner Georg Wittig, can synthesise an alkene from an aldehyde1 by overall substitution of C=C for C=O in the presence of a base and a phosphonium ylide (negative and positive charges on adjacent atoms)2. The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of different aldehyde substituents on the cis:trans ratio of alkenes in the product and to determine
2. Materials and methods 2.1. Martials All reagents used were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich or Merck company without further purification. L-methionine amino acid (Merck, 99.0 %), tetran-butylorthotitanate (TBOT, C₁₆H₃₆O₄Ti, Merck, 98.0 %), ethanol (C2H5OH, Merck, 99.0 %), acetic acid (CH3COOH, Merck, 99.8 %), zinc acetate dihydrate (Zn(CH3COO)2.2H2O, Sigma-Aldrich, 99.99 %) and diethanolamine (NH(CH₂CH₂OH)₂, 99.5 %) were used to synthesize C, N, S triple doped TiO2-ZnO nanocomposites. Direct red 16
completely decomposes between 450 to 5000C and Py-GC-MS was used to obtain the composition of waste tire, mainly showing that the highest component of the waste tire is 1,3-butadiene. The yield of the products of waste tire pyrolysis, the char, oil, and gas, were calculated for the yield for each temperature and the yield vs. temperature graph was plotted. The composition of the product was tested based on the
It does appear to have a high slightly greater capability of dissolving soybean oil perhaps due to various isomers present in it. Hexane has about the best characteristics of the many solvents tried over the years. With a boiling point of 69˚C it is a liquid in all but the most extreme climates of the world. With a fairly high volatility and a low sensible heat of 335 kJ/kg it is relatively easy to remove from the