particular issue without taking into account other probable factors such as gender, power and imposition. 2. LITERATURE REVIEW This chapter comprises of the related literature which supports the study. They are necessary to suggest hypotheses. Theories and the consequences of other researches are needed in order to achieve the validity of this research. The related literature encompasses pragmatics, speech acts, politeness theory, and Ervin-Tripp’s model of directives (1976), Blum-KULKA, House Also
part reviews the literature of pragmatics, communicative competence, and syntactic knowledge. It also provides empirical research about syntactic knowledge and how it relates to the current research The increasing significance of intercultural communications has pushed the researchers to focus on the pragmatic mechanisms to explore effective communication. A huge attention has been recently dedicated to cross-cultural pragmatics and intercultural problems. Recently, pragmatics has become a significant
2.1. Theoretical background 2.1.2. Explicit vs. Implicit instruction Many study have been done to compare the effectiveness of different teaching approaches of focus on form pragmatic instruction. Mast of them have selected two types of implicit and explicit pedagogical intervention. The distinction between explicit and implicit teaching has been addressed by Doughty (2003). According to her, explicit teaching involves directing learners' attention towards the target forms with the aim of discussing
Just had the opportunity to read an edifying piece of literature by Robert B. Reich – Beyond Outrage: What has gone wrong with our economy and our Democracy, and how we fix it. The book provides a lucid overview of significant events in American history that have diminished the middle-class, and by default, the American dream. Numerous topics are explored – including the 2007-2008 financial crisis, Citizens United, growing income inequality, deteriorating public services (schools, infrastructure
That Socrates searched for a way to immortality different than the status quo of his time has been established by scholarship. But what is missing from the conversation is how to define what the Classical Greek philosopher had attempted to implement as a replacement for the Homeric code, before being executed. For the ancient Greek man, this code, with its masculine-nihilistic qualities, emphasized individualism and even egoism. And as the path to immortality, Socrates saw in it the following flaws:
linguistic analysis but the emphasis is on the fact that hedges are used to “disarm routine interactional threats” ( Brown and Levenson 1987: 146). It is easy to see why hedging to some extent is needed for the communication to flow successfully. To what degree hedges are used depends upon the speaker, the addressee and the communicative situation. In more general terms it is possible to talk about the choice of strategy, as some strategies counteract a face threat more than
for Saudi students learning English, and the role of pragmatic transfer in L2 real-life interaction. 1.1. Terminology 1.1.1. Speech acts The term "speech act" has been defined as a minimal unit of discourse, a basic unit of communication (Searle, 1969). Examples of speech acts include expressing gratitude, refusals, making statements, giving compliments, asking, apologizing, making requests…etc. 1.1.2. Language Transfer Language transfer or what is also known as L1 interference, linguistic
intriguing component in social life and it is even dealt in cultural discourse. Itis even most mentioned or most discoursed theme in Literature. What is identity in its semantic meaning and what does it disclosein pragmatic interpretations? According to Oxford dictionary the semantic meaning of ‘identity’ is that ‘the fact of being who or what a person or thing is’. In pragmatic sense the meaning of ‘identity has many conventional elucidations. The world is satiated with full of people from different race
Introduction Implied Meaning is communicating an idea or feeling without saying it directly. According to Taguchi, “What is important about implied meaning, is understanding what the speaker intends to accomplish in making an utterance” (2005, p. 543). In other words, implied meaning is what the writer/speaker decodes to the reader/listener and how they interpret it based on several factors such as culture, knowledge, linguistic knowledge, contextual clues and its relevance to the readers. The
The title of her study is “Comparative study on popular literature; A reader-response critic on Stephenie Meyer’s Twilight and Kami Garcia and Margaret Stohl’s Beautiful Creatures novel.” The aim of her study is to compare the reader’s response and expectation about the characteristic of gothic romance work by using reader response pragmatic approach by Tompkins. Shabrina decide to compare both elements of the novel such as the character, plot and