Introduction For years, the South Africa’s criminal justice system has been about crime and the punishment of offenders, and not about redress for crime victims. Restorative Justice is a movement that can be applied to improve the ways in which the criminal justice system addresses the problems we face in our own societies. Batley (2005) states that Restorative Justice, “is about addressing the hurts and the needs of both victims and offenders in such a way that both parties, as well as the communities
the development of standing armies across Europe depicts the change in Europe. The Treaty of Westphalia was established in 1648 to end all hostilities in the Holy Roman Empire, Switzerland and the Netherlands. By repealing Ferdinand's Edict of Restitution and reestablishing the major component of the Peace of Augsburg, Europe experienced its first
From an international perspective, 1985 was a very crucial year as this was the period when two groundbreaking documents were issued which gave significant importance for the enhancement of the status of victims. The General Assembly of the United Nations adopted the Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power (Victim’s Declaration). This document, although not a legally
property by the defendant who continued to hold such unlawful possession, to his damage and to his loss of the rents and profits thereof amounting to a total sum of $600, equivalent to $13,812.21 today. For reparations, the plaintiff sought for the restitution of the land in addition to the financial damages incurred. The counter argument that was introduced by the defendant, The United Land Association was based on the fact and conclusion that the described property was part of the san francisco pueblo
cannot think it, That he would steal away so guiltylike, Seeing you coming; (p. 791, ll. 34-41) . This makes the already important fight between Cassio and Montano in Act II, Scene III seem even more pivotal than we first realize. Roderigo’s importance as Iago’s pawn becomes clear as you consider his role in the scuffle, easily summarized by Iago’s instructions: “find some occasion to anger Cassio, either by speaking too loud, or tainting his discipline, or from what other course you please” (p
In-service training is meant to improve the knowledge, skill and ability of teachers. It is meant to make the teacher more committed and effective. The term “Staff Development” and “in-service training “ are sometimes used for short-term workshops or short courses that offer teachers information or ideas, often abstract and unrelated to teachers’ work (Cochran- Smith & Lytle, 2001). In-service teacher training enhances the performance of a teacher. A teacher feels enriched with additions of ideas
When we look into the sphere of private law theory, utmost importance has been given to the remedy aspect of it. In recent tort law developments the area of English Unjust Enrichment law has been increasingly concentrated on. Conventionally, restitution was the only gain-based remedy, but in present times the internal feature of private law has paved way for other gain-based remedies to be adopted. The most widely used remedy is however the concept of compensation, a loss-based remedy. Professor
1.2.Definition of Justice according to Rawls. The notion of justice is very important as it affect every rational being in all sectors of life, regardless of faith, race, creed for the fact that it is the moral and political concept. “The origin of the word justices comes from Latin, jus which means right or law.” In a simple sense of the word, justice would mean someone who typically doing who is morally right and is disposed to giving someone his or her due. The word fair can be used as synonym
Chapter 4: RESTORATIVE JUSTICE 4.1 Introduction A philosophical framework and a series of programs for the criminal justice system that emphasize the need to repair the harm done to crime victims through a process of nego-tiation, mediation, victim empowerment, and Reparation. There are many programs and ideas associated with restorative justice. Several hundred communities have adopted the Victim Offender Reconciliation Program (VORP), which brings the victim and the offender together to talk
a level of angelic knowledge separate from divine knowledge which can see into human nature, as the Accuser did?' God shows Job the benefits of his tested faith by doubling his fortunes, but this can also be viewed in objection as if it was in restitution for Job's suffering--as God told the onlookers, "I am very angry at you, for you have not spoken rightly about me as did my servant Job" (42:10). The intimidation of God's speeches from his storm cloud could have frightened Job into silent submission