Halal Food Case Study

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1.1 INTRODUCTION Halal authentications of the food product according to the Islamic law which halal food are permitted to be consume, while haram is prohibited by God. As mentioned in the Al-Qu’ran, these are the prohibitions of consuming food products such as the consumption of carrion or dead animals, flesh/meat of the pig, flowing blood, and animal slaughtered without pronouncing the name of Allah. Muslims obligate to believe pertaining to halal and haram food for the sake of human benefits. As the second largest religions in the world, rapid and significant growth in halal food product markets become high demand due to the growth in the Muslim population. Muslim consumers demand the adoption of quality assurance approach that guarantees…show more content…
Along with the advance of science and technology, there were varieties of food products with different brands are available. These varieties of food products are widespread adulterate in the global market. Food manufacturers usually adulterate by using non-halal components such as porcine derivatives because they are cheap and readily available (Aida et al. 2005), and automatically can reduce the cost of food production. One of the fraud foods suspected is gelatine capsule, which can be adulterated by the porcine gelatine. In the pharmaceutical industry, gelatine capsule normally used as a dosage form that transferring the premeasured medical powder as it is intended to be swallowed by the patient. Gelatine capsule production has several raw materials used in the manufacture such as gelling agents, water, colourants and preservatives. A major component of the gelling agents is gelatine that mainly produced from animal protein. Gelatine is a high molecular weight of protein that obtained by the thermal denaturation of collagen derived from the skin, white connective tissue and bones of animals. The primary source of gelatine production in large-scale manufacturer is found in pork (porcine) and beef (bovine). Therefore, the chances of Muslims to get exposed from non-halal gelatine source are higher. Halal authentication of pharmaceutical products still at its infancy and…show more content…
Following the DNA extraction, the porcine DNA is detecting using PCR. Real-time PCR (qPCR) has a sensitive and specific detection of the small amount of target DNA. This technique widely used to detect bovine and porcine DNA in gelatine mixtures, gelatine-containing food products and capsule shells. The primers that will be using are based on mitochondrial genes to trace species-specific DNA. The mtDNA genes are present in thousands of copies per cell, thus large variability of mtDNA allows reliable identification of precise species in mixtures. Duplex PCR is a widespread molecular biology technique for simultaneous amplification and detection of multiple targets by using different pair of primers for each target in the same reaction tube for a single PCR experiment. The advantages of using duplex PCR is cost effective and save times, and also highly accurate. Since some manufacturer of gelatine production fraud with porcine gelatine, simultaneous detection both bovine and porcine DNA gelatine can be useful, time-saving, and cost-effective. Therefore, the purposes of this study to first develop an efficient DNA extraction method and to introduce a suitable and sensitive technique that simultaneously detect bovine and porcine trace and species identification using mitochondrial DNA in gelatine

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