of strands that embeds on the the Lorenz braid template, Ögure 1c. It is a two groups of strands, a left group of l strands and a right group of r strands, l + r = n. It is a positive permutation braid with the restrictions, Strands in the same group never cross one another. Strands in the left group always pass over those in the right group. Each strand in any group should cross some strands in the other group. The permutation at the end of strands and as a product of disjoint cycles
Mancur Olsen was from America. He was developed the theory of concentrated benefits and diffuse costs. His book is called “the theory of collective action: public goods and the theory of groups” it was published in 1965. He described the concept of free rider in his book. GROUP: Generally the set of people, who have the same interests or same aims and who organise themselves to do something togetherly to attain the common goal is called as a Group. Here, Mancur Olson argues that the concentrated
therapeutic theories used within social care practice in order to assist a service user. Each is unique in terms of methods of intervention and approaches that may be used. For the purpose of this assignment, Cognitive behavioural therapy and person-centred therapy will be discussed throughout. CBT enables people to become aware of the behaviours, and beliefs that affect them while the goal of Person-Centred therapy is to enable to person to explore their own well being Person Centred Therapy Definition
Substance Abuse and Adlerian Therapy Substance abuse is the dependence of an addictive substance such as alcohol or drugs. Adlerian theory is a holistic view of an individual and focuses in their beliefs, goals, and their perception of reality. This type of therapy involves teaching, informing, and most of all encouraging the individual. In my opinion this type of therapy and theory would be beneficial for someone seeking substance abuse counseling. It may not be for every individual with substance
modern training and teaching. The theory of B.F. Skinner is based upon the idea that learning is a function of change in overt behaviour. Changes in behaviour are the result of an individual's response to events, stimuli, which occur in the environment. According to Skinner, voluntary or automatic behaviour is either strengthened or weakened by the immediate presence of a reward or punishment (Skinner:
Gene therapy is replacing defective and missing genes with working, normal genes. This is done by introducing the body to a carrier, called a vector, to transfer the gene into the cell. Sometimes, the vector is in the form of an innocuous virus. Therefore, this kind of gene work is used to treat and correct genetic disorders. Someone might do this because it is helpful in correcting life-threatening genetic diseases and treating various mental disorders. PROS One pro to using gene therapy is
Neurologic Music Therapy (NMT)11- Based upon neuroscience research, Neurologic Music Therapy (NMT) provides specific, unique, and specified interventions for those affected by neurologic injury or disease. NMT differs from traditional Music Therapy as it views music not as a social-science model for wellbeing, but, as a neuroscience model in which music is a hard-wired brain language. NMT works to improve cognitive, sensory, and motor dysfunctions due to damage to the human 8 http://www.music.cmu
historical and social context of music reception and production is the reflection of music aesthetics theories. This and the changing perceptions of music in the history of music therapy, reflects on how the ideas of music and healing in medical theory are constantly changing (Wigram, Pedersen and Bonde, 2002). Even though the above is still changing, the characteristic of music and music making that music therapy rely on are the emotions that music listening reflects. The positive uses of music for emotion
Attention was called to its naïve conception of human nature and society as a whole, to the methodology of research as being too qualitative and the main concepts of its theory being too general and embracing, to the lack of dialogue and information giving taking place in the interview, to its definition of self-concept in relation only to conscious experience, to the little value the nondirective theorists had afforded
complementary therapies and conventional treatment. The different types of conventional therapies base their practice on physiology and anatomy just like in conventional medicine. Modern or conventional medicine has also widened their scope it incorporates a holistic approach to treatment. By doing this it has taken up practices with origins in complementary therapy (Kessler et al., 2001). Hence, people do not need to choose between their conventional treatment and complementary therapies as they