Genetic Modified Babies

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Genetic engineering is defined as modifying the characteristics of an organism. The modification of an organs characteristic can be done by manipulating the organism’s genetic material. The genetic material is what contains the instructions to tell the cell what to do. By manipulating the genetic material of a cell, this can change the function/ purpose of an organism. Genetic engineering is when new DNA is added into an organism which does not already contain that type of DNA. DNA is a molecule which contains the genetic instructions of a cell. DNA is made up of a phosphate group, a sugar group and 4 nutrogen bases, which are adenine, hymine, guanine and cytosine. DNA contains small segments called genes, genes contain the instructions…show more content…
The purpose of genetically engineering a baby is that by modifying or removing a gene this could prevent the baby from developing a disability or mutation which can affect the baby later on in life. The process of genetically modifying babies is quite complex and there are many steps involved in this process. The basic process of this is, a embryo will be created through IVF (the mothers egg and fathers sperm will be fertilised in the lab). Once fertilisation has been completed a cell will be removed from the embryo and tested to identify any diseases. If the embryo is healthy then it can be inplaned into the mother’s womb, however if the test indicates that the embryo has a disease e.g. cystic fibrosis then genetic modification can be applied to the embryo to prevent the baby from ever developing the disease. The cause of cystic fibrosis is through a faulty gene. CFTR is s gene, this gene is responsible for the creation of a protein which moves salt and water out of a cell. If this gene is faulty then it will mean that the salt and water will no be able to effectively move out of the cell, this can then cause a build-up of thick sticky mucus within the tubes and also the passageways of the human…show more content…
The E. coli bacteria will be taken from the human intestine. The plasmid from the E.coli bacteria will be removed so that the human insulin gene can be inserted into the plasmid. The plasmid from the E. coli bacteria is removed by using a detergent. Once the plasmid has been removed from the bacteria, restriction enzymes will cut the plasmid at a specific region. One of the functions of the pancreas is to produce insulin, so this is where the human insulin gene will be located. Beta cells produce insulin, so this is where the insulin producing gene will be located. The gene for producing insulin is cut out of a human DNA using the same restriction enzymes which were used to cut the plasmid. The gene will be extracted from the pancreatic cell. This will be done by using a detergent to break down the cell membrane. The reason why the gene will be extracted from the pancreatic cell is because the pancreas is where insulin is made. There are different types of restriction enzymes which will cut the DNA at different base sequences. Restriction enzyme are enzymes which are isolated from bacteria which recognize specific sequences in DNA and then the DNA is cut to produce fragments called restriction
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