Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Overview Of Fuel Cells A fuel cell is an environmentally clean , energy conversion device that converts the chemical energy of a fuel gas (hydrogen) directly to electrical energy and heat when it combines with oxygen from the air. It ensures higher conversion rates and better efficiencies than thermal and mechanical processes. That is because there is no intermediate step of direct combustion. Fuel cells have the same operating principle as batteries in which there is electrochemical
there is a limited supply of fuel that is available to feed the large demand and in the long run, that is a problem. Many geologists think in the next few decades supplies of gasoline as well as everything else made from petroleum will start to dwindle because of the rate at which the resource is being used. If that happens, our cars will be immobile forever. A
will provide horsepower to the vehicle so the internal combustion engine is not in use so tailpipe emission is at its minimum. The electric vehicle is also common. It gets energy from an electric grid. Since electric vehicles do not require burning fuel, therefore, tailpipe emission is non existent. These are the reasons why people like to buy the hybrid and electric vehicles as an environmentally friendly transportation. However, consumers
The firms that we had selected for this assignment are Perodua and Toyota. The market structure of both of the companies can be classified as the oligopoly. One of the characteristics of oligopoly is there are only a few sellers in the market. As an illustration, Proton is one of the local automobile manufacturers while Honda and Nissan are foreign automobile manufacturers. Since there are only a few sellers in this market, the fewer firms dominate and control all or most of the market. Additionally
technology nowadays. Fuel for modern cars harmfully pollutes the environment so why do we still use it when it dates back to the stone age. Every other piece of technology in cars has progressed to be smarter, safer and sleeker but not the source of its movement, the fuel. Cars were created to suit the travel needs of the people and they still do in the same harmful way as before and with so many cars on the roads steps need to be taken to stop the harm. New technologically advanced fuel sources that are
Biomass Energy- Biomass energy is the use of living and recently dead biological material as an energy source. This is dependent on the capture of solar energy and convert to a carbohydrate fuel. Theoretically it is a carbon neutral and renewable source of energy. In these we use biodegradable waste like manure, crop residue, sewage, municipal solid waste, etc. Recently research is going in agricultural production of energy crops which should
transportation and power generation (International Energy Agency [IEA], 2015). However, there are adverse effects due to combustion of fuels such as air pollution and global warming. According to IEA (2015), worldwide carbon dioxide emission due to fuel combustion in 2013 is more than 30,000 metric tons. Hence, clean alternative sources are used to reduce consumption of fuels. Twidell and Weir (2006) defined renewable energy as “energy obtained from natural and persistent flows of energy occurring in the
Solar Energy The abrupt increase in the energy prices has caused many countries to take into consideration alternative fuel sources which are not only cheap but also sustainable. However, there are many options available as an alternative to fuel sources like solar, wind and hydro-power. The most useful and easily available source is Solar Energy. Nowadays people know how to get and utilize solar power to perform daily life tasks like lighting, heating, cooking and for some other household jobs
p. 2154) Biodiesel is a renewable, reduces the emission of some pollutants (Dinkov et al., 2008), and environmentally friendly alternative to mineral diesel fuel (Lam et al., as cited in Dinkov et al., 2008). Biodiesel is also non-flammable, non-explosive, biodegradable and nontoxic compared to mineral diesel. As an alternative diesel fuel consisting of alkyl monoesters of fatty acids prepared from vegetable oils, it has been the focus of a substantial amount of recent research. Biodiesel consists
alternative form of fossil fuel because it is non-polluting. Solar power is clean and reliable as it does not produce harmful gases like carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide or sulphur oxide while producing electricity. The damage caused to the environment by traditional power production gets totally eliminated when replaced with solar power. Another advantage is that solar power does not require fuel for production of electricity. With this, the problem of transporting fuel or storing nuclear waste is