Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Overview Of Fuel Cells A fuel cell is an environmentally clean , energy conversion device that converts the chemical energy of a fuel gas (hydrogen) directly to electrical energy and heat when it combines with oxygen from the air. It ensures higher conversion rates and better efficiencies than thermal and mechanical processes. That is because there is no intermediate step of direct combustion. Fuel cells have the same operating principle as batteries in which there is electrochemical
Biomass Energy- Biomass energy is the use of living and recently dead biological material as an energy source. This is dependent on the capture of solar energy and convert to a carbohydrate fuel. Theoretically it is a carbon neutral and renewable source of energy. In these we use biodegradable waste like manure, crop residue, sewage, municipal solid waste, etc. Recently research is going in agricultural production of energy crops which should
not having to pay the light bill, this will happen if you use solar energy to produce electricity. The Bronx should care about solar energy because it will stop the air pollution and no more fossil fuels will be burned, also solar energy is a renewable source which would last more than the fossil fuels being burned in order to produce electricity. Using this alternative resource would be the best for the Bronx because no pollution would be produced and the green houses won't make the global warming
Advantages of Fuel Cells 1. Near-to- Zero Emissions: Fuel Cells operating purely on hydrogen have zero emission levels. Some of the fuel cells which utilize natural gas or other hydrocarbons as a source of hydrogen emit few emissions but even those are very low as compared to the emission levels of conventional power plants. Thus fuel cells bring a decrement in the already existing pollution. 2. High Efficiency: Since fuel cells operate electrochemically and they do not burn the fuel in order to
transportation and power generation (International Energy Agency [IEA], 2015). However, there are adverse effects due to combustion of fuels such as air pollution and global warming. According to IEA (2015), worldwide carbon dioxide emission due to fuel combustion in 2013 is more than 30,000 metric tons. Hence, clean alternative sources are used to reduce consumption of fuels. Twidell and Weir (2006) defined renewable energy as “energy obtained from natural and persistent flows of energy occurring in the
under consideration and soon will produce significant amount of electricity are also discussed. The generation capacity of Pakistan is also discussed in this research paper. The structure of all the significantly used power plant along with its advantages and drawbacks are also provided. We have also mentioned the details of generation of each power station working in Pakistan. As Pakistan is a nuclear power so it has also a capability of producing electricity from nuclear reactors which are also
2. Why Choose Microalgae culture or Microalgae as an Ideal biomass? Or Microalgae: advantages and disadvantages The microalgae culture have the infinite potential to be used as primary producers of biomass in coming years, eventually they will turn out to be as most significant energy source. They can act as feedstock for several types of renewable fuels such as ethanol, methanol, biodiesel, methane and hydrogen. Table 1 represents certain feedstocks used for biofuel production (Chisti 2007; Dominguez-Faus
negative sides of the cell. An individual cell typically produces about 1 or 2 watts of power. The electricity created is multiplied by the number of cells in each panel and the number of panels in each solar array. Combined a solar array can make a lot of electricity for homes or businesses. There are obvious advantages to solar PV technology. It produces clean energy. It has no emissions, no moving parts, it doesn't make any noise and it doesn’t need water or fossil fuel to produce power. And
to increase. Prior to the use of fossil fuels, biomass was the primary source of energy for heat via combustion. With the introduction of fossil fuels in the forms of coal, petroleum and natural gas, the world increasingly became dependent on these fossil fuel sources. Currently, the main energy source in the world is fossil fuels. The use of plastics and other chemicals which are derived from these fossil fuels also have increased. These tremendous increases
parts within a car. The chemical reactions that I will refer to will be the catalytic converters and performance enhancers (Nitrous Oxide). As the car industry has developed scientists and engineers have further improved the car in many ways. Reducing fuel immersions, enhancing the engine performance, and increasing the distance. A catalyst in science is a substance that escalates the rate of reactions in a given chemical