demand for international shipping services (Michaelowa and Krause 2000). This has been witnessed in the container shipping industry in the past few decades. Before the economic recession began in 2008, trade growth had caused corresponding cargo container movements to increase in excess of overall economic growth for decades. The shipping
Realists believe that power is the currency of International politics. Through realism, great powers are considered to pay detailed attention to the economic and military power of rival states. Realism can help scholars understand the nature of power by exploring two opposing thoughts, classical realists and structural realists. Classic realist Hans Morgenthau believe that power is human nature. (SOURCE) This is reflected in English philosopher Thomas Hobbes leviathan, stating that humans are selfish
way to get free music online. Since music artists and record companies were uncompensated when consumers downloaded these music files, the act of downloading ‘free music’ became known as digital music piracy. Market statistics compiled by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) showed that worldwide sales of music fell at the turn of the century and P2P networks were immediately blamed for the industry's bad fortune. The argument being intuitive says: Once a consumer is able
productive factors. Innovation and firm entrepreneurship are found to have positive economic effects mainly in terms of employment opportunities, taxation revenues and economic output. The measurements of these positive effects provide the basis of international comparisons. The contemporary theories on firm entrepreneurship built on the contributions of Schumpeter who focused on the significance of the innovative entrepreneur being the main force moving the economy forward based
world stage across a multitude of countries has incessantly increased, resulting not only in the creations of international organizations (e.g. the United Nations) or supranational organizations (e.g. the European Union), but also in the emergence of transnational actors and consequently, transnational interactions, defined as the interaction involving at least one non-state or non-international organization actor. Example of transnational actors are NGOs, like Greenpeace and for-profit companies, like
INTRODUCTION Twenty-first centuries are filled by the remarkable issue of international terrorism. Starting from the 9/11 WTC tragedy, until the presence of ISIS which can not be understimated in the global arena. Terrorism has created much scarcity in each of the hearts and minds of people. Terrorism as defines in the UK Prevention of Terrorism Act 1976, s.14 which is ‘the use of violence for political ends [including] any use of violence for the purpose of putting the public or any section of
Dr. Aida Mokhtar, Dr. Selvarajah Tharmalingam, and, Dr. Sofiah Samsudin International Islamic University Malaysia INTRODUCTION When Islam and life are intertwined for Muslims who are guided by the Islamic principle ‘enjoining good and forbidding evil’, the inculcation of Islamic values in the production of advertising messages for the Muslim audience is crucial. Previous studies have not looked at the factors influencing advertising messages produced by Muslim countries. Of interest to the study
development is the key factor in the development of economic growth and national security in a country as well as affecting foreign policy decisions. In the globalization era along with the advancement of information, communication and technology as something increasingly unstoppable, each time the result of new technologies keep emerging, refining, appear again, and on and on. Therefore it is also very large role in various fields, one of them is on the field of international communication. As claimed
normalize relations between the United States and the PRC. Nixon had long been keen to reap the rewards of normalized relations with the PRC, both political and economic. Opening up the mainland would isolate the Soviet Union by driving a giant wedge between Sino – Soviet relations, which at the time, were already quite strained. As well as Mao’s guarantee to put pressure on the North Vietnam government to seek peace during the height of the war. International trade was also a major factor for normalization
over various proportions when it comes to both public and private sectors. Despite this development the NGO sector in Pakistan sustained to face challenges and pressures from both inside the organizational structure coupled with external factors. The exterior factors that influenced an NGO’s structure and