Drinking Water Treatment Case Study

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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND The quality of purified water can be affected by a number of parameters in a water treatment system. Determination of such parameters and the extent to which the quality of water can be affected is an important factor for a large scale plant. The effect of parameters can be easily studied and demonstrated by means of a pilot plant. 1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT “Drinking water treatment: Effect of parameters on overall efficiency of the process” 1.3 OBJECTIVES Our project is a continuation of a previous research and practical based project “Activated carbon for drinking water treatment”. Our main objectives are:  To analyze the previous practical model, identify and rectify flaws present in the model.…show more content…
Membrane Technologies are the most widely used methods of desalination used on both large and small scale. It involves Reverse osmosis, microfiltration, nanofiltration, and ultra filtration varying from a small portable setup to a large scale plant in an industry. Our project model consists of a sand filter, activated carbon filter, RO membrane and UV disinfection system. These technologies are cost effective, quality efficient and widely used as compared to other technologies. Water treatment industries like Nestle, Aquafina, Kinley, Vey and Culligan also use similar techniques to purify and make potable water. 1.5 INTRODUCTION TO WATER Water is a transpicuous fluid which is one of the most common substances on the Earth Covering over 70% of the surface of the earth. All the world's streams, lakes, oceans and rain, and is the major constituent of the fluids of living things are composed of water. As a chemical compound, a water molecule contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms that are connected by covalent bonds. Water is a liquid at standard ambient temperature and pressure, but it often co-exists on Earth with its solid state, ice; and gaseous state, steam (water vapor). It also exists as snow, fog, dew and cloud[1]. Figure 1.1: Existance of water in different…show more content…
 Impurities are also introduced in water when it comes in contact with sewage or industrial waste. 1.5.4 Impurities in Various Sources of Water River water contains dissolved minerals like magnesium, calcium, chlorides, sulphates, bicarbonates of sodium, and iron. It also contains suspended impurities of sand, rocks and organic matter. The amount of dissolved impurities in it depends on its contacts of the soil. Greater the duration of contact, more soluble is the minerals of soil in it. Lake water has high quantity of organic matter present in it but lesser amount of dissolved minerals. Its chemical composition is also constant. Rain water is obtaining as a result of evaporation from the surface water. Probably it is the purest form of natural water. But during its downward journey through the atmosphere it dissolves organic and inorganic suspended particles and considerable amount of industrial gases like (CO2, NO2, SO2 etc.). Rain water is expensive to collect and is irregular in supply. Raw water is free from organic impurities and is clearer in appearance due to the filtering action of the soil. But it contains large amount of dissolved

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