centuries, but the dispute between the Philippines and China escalated tension worldwide. This is a wide debate about territory and sovereignty over ocean areas. The reasons for this argument are also about resources (e.g. oil and natural gas deposits), fishing opportunities, extension of border and port-building. A lot of experts have been saying that United Nations Convention on The Law of The Sea (UNCLOS) and Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) can be of big help in solving this issue, but
way the western world regulates food and agricultural systems falls into this domain, where global public policy, social issues and moral philosophy raise important questions. In this context the documentary film Darwin’s Nightmare (2004) about the fishing industry at Lake Victoria in Tanzania is a prime example to illustrate such ethical issues, stakeholders involved and their positions and views regarding such situations. The documentary is structured to encompass multiple interviews with
the amount that passes the Panama Canal . The fact that 23 percent of total trade that is passing through the SCS is U.S. trade, demonstrates the nation’s dependence on this sea-lane . Moreover, the sea is rich in oil and natural gas and home to fishing grounds that provide the livelihoods of people across the region . Resources in the SCS are mostly undiscovered by now but the potential is immense. The estimations of natural resources vary greatly, the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
in Volkswagen is the state of Lower Saxony in Germany. The case of Pohang Iron and Steel Company (Posco) is even more startling. The World Bank rejected the loan application of the Korean government for setting up a steel plant in Pohang — then a fishing village. No wonder, Korea neither had deposits of iron ore nor coking coal. The Korean government took the help of a consortium of Japanese bankers and set up Posco as a State Owned Enterprise (SOE). It is now the third largest producer of steel and
Table of Contents List of Figures ii List of Tables ii ACRONYMS iii 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Research problem 2 1.3 Problem owner 2 1.4 Justification of the study 2 1.5 Research objectives 2 1.6 Research questions 2 1.7 Conceptual framework 3 1.8 Definition of concepts 4 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 6 2.1 Value chains concepts and chain upgrading 6 2.1.1 Value Chain Concepts 6 2.1.2 Challenges in Sunflower Value Chain in Tanzania 7 2.1.3 Chain Upgrading 8 2.2 Agricultural marketing 9 2.3 Major