PCR. • PCR is used in analyzing clinical specimens for the presence of infectious agents, including HIV, hepatitis, malaria, anthrax, etc. • PCR is used in the analysis of mutations that occur in many genetic diseases (e.g. cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anaemia, phenylketonuria, muscular dystrophy). • PCR is also used in forensics laboratories and is especially useful because only a tiny amount of original DNA is required, for example, sufficient DNA can be obtained from a droplet of blood or a single
controversial topics in medicine. By definition, it is the delivery of genetic material into a cell for the purpose of either correcting a genetic problem or giving a cell a new biological function. The purpose of gene therapy is to correct an undesirable trait or disease by introducing a modified copy of a gene into a target cell. In most cases, the purpose is not to replace a defective gene in the host cell but rather to provide a new copy so that the correct protein can be expressed and the detrimental
Stem cells possess noteworthy capability to grow into various types of cells during the initial life circle in the body. They tend to serve as an internal repair system in many tissues, dividing fundamentally without any limit to reload other cells till the human or the creature is alive. Post the division of each stem cell, every new cell has the prospective to stay a stem cell or transform to another cell type with additional specific function. The stem cells’ essential properties are studied
Stem cells are similar mother cells that can multiply or repair damaged or worn out tissues and have the ability to develop into different cells with specialised functions. One main source of stem cells which will be further explored is embryonic stem cells. Embryonic stem cells are developed from the inner mass cell of a blastocyst. A blastocyst is single zygote cells massed together. Embryonic stem cells are distinguished by their potential to grow into different types of cells or tissues and replicate
Without them, our healthcare would probably be nowhere near as advanced as it is today. However, even with how advanced biomaterials science currently is, scientists still continue their research on even more natural and sustainable biomaterials in order to improve biocompatibility as well as reduce the strain on the Earth’s resources. Although the study aims to explore the different kinds of biomaterials and their uses, some parts of the
There has been an ongoing debate for decades whether or not cloning is in any sort even ethical. A clone is a organism, a group of organisms, or cells descended from a single ancestor and having genetic material (DNA) identical to the ancestor’s genetic material. There is no sexual reproduction involved in cloning. Even in this new world of technology, there have been many faults with the experiments with cloning. Although, many other people think that cloning may help with things, such as plant
capabilities is cell regeneration; a superhuman ability science has not yet achieved. This is especially important to those who have lost limbs and other body parts to diseases and accidents. Unfortunately, a human being cannot regrow or redevelop anything but the liver, fingertips, and the endometrium. (Source 3) With this in consideration, there are creatures who are capable of such phenomena, namely amphibians such as the axolotl. The axolotl (pronounced axe-uh-lot-uhl) is used for medical research because
These cells could then be used for medical purposes, possibly even for growing whole organs. The stem cells cloned from someone with a disease could help researchers understand the disease and develop treatments (learn genetics). Even though, cloning can save lives in the future the topic is still very controversial
APPLICATIONS OF CELL CULTURE Cell culture is one of the major techniques used nowadays in many applications, since it has a significant role in research, production and improvement of many products. Cell culture provides model systems being used for the study of the physiology and basic biochemistry of cells such as aging and cellular metabolism, for the study of effects of new drugs on cells, and to study mutagenesis as well as carcinogenesis. Animal cell culture technique can be used to study
walled parenchyma cells. A 2-3 cell layered hypodermis composed of parenchyma cells differentiated beneath it while the cortex was composed of bulk of thin walled parenchyma cells. Cortical cells showed heavy accumulation of oval to circular starch grains. Cortex is followed by Pericycle and is composed of thick walled cells which covered the vascular bundle formed a cap on it called pericyclic parenchyma. These fibrous caps formed circular outline with adjacent parenchymatous cells. Five to six vascular