the conflicts in the Niger Delta, the issue of transitional justice has not been adequately considered. Consequently, this article examines human rights violations and transitional justice mechanisms in the Niger Delta. The article begins with the conceptualization of human rights violation and transitional justice. It then makes an overview of the Niger Delta and the human rights situation in the area. Additionally, the article discusses transitional justice mechanisms and concomitant challenges
Prior to the 1970s, the juvenile justice court system and child welfare agencies managed the country’s homeless youth population (National Low Income Housing Coalition [NLIHC], 2014). The Runaway Youth Act (RYA) was passed in 1974 after increasing concern that homeless youth were frequently residing in dangerous and overcrowded areas. RYA evolved into The Runaway and Homeless Youth Act (RHYA) in 1977 and expanded into what it is known as today (NLIHC, 2014). RHYA is a federal law that provides
Youth homelessness is a prevailing social issue among the world. Bassuk (2010) detailed how approximately 1.5 million youth experience homelessness in America each year. The current economic recession and staggering numbers of housing foreclosures have caused the numbers of homelessness to increase dramatically. For my field education placement learning I am a resource specialist at the Covenant House of Michigan. The Covenant House is one of many homeless youth shelters in the United States. The
controversial issue for many years stemming to the creation of the Juvenile Justice System. Many believe that when a juvenile, defined by Pennsylvania to be under the age of 18, commits a heinous crime they should be tried as an adult and face harsher sentencing conditions. This notion disregards the nature of the actor and only puts emphasis on the nature of the act. The Juvenile justice system was created in 1899 determine the difference between youth and adults in the criminal justice system (Juvenile
commits a crime: punitive justice, which is revenge based punishment, and restorative justice which is a more recent therapeutic option. One might assume that punitive justice is the method to choose when disciplining
operations. This paper is an attempt to give an historical account of policing while highlighting the roles of the significant contributors to the development of policing in England and the United States of America. In England there were the informal, transitional and formal periods of policing where three names are generally associated with the development of the first modern police force ; Henry Fielding, Patrick Colquhoun, and Sir Robert
inequities in society or a lack of resources, as well as individual issues such as mental illness and substance abuse (Greengaulgh & Minnery, 2007). Historically there has been a debate on whether homelessness is an individual issue or a societal issue. How society approaches homelessness depends on the political tone and public awareness. Homelessness is a social problem that not only affects the United States but is a worldwide issue. Homelessness can be short term, situational or chronic. Homelessness
Walter Laqueur stated that counter terrorism naturally goes hand by hand with terrorism, over the years it has become less successful for many reasons. Modern technology had great progress; the only effective weapon against terrorism has been the infiltration of their ranks and the use informers. The result of advancement of computer technology and the co-operation of a population are the cause behind the success of counter terrorism in democratic societies. Martha Crenshaw also discussed about
deinstitutionalisation of mental health services affected those with mental illness, and finally the importance of proper community care will be explored. Before attempting to answer why there are so many individuals with mental illness within the criminal justice system it is first important to establish how mentally
Charter is a relatively short treaty of less than 9,000 words. To some extent, the secret of the UN Charter’s survival has depended on its concise character. Again, the “constitutionalization” of international law is one of the most intensely debated issues in contemporary international legal doctrine. There indeed exists a constitutional law of the international community that is built on and around the Charter of the United Nations. This Charter has a constitutional quality which addresses global