2. Why Choose Microalgae culture or Microalgae as an Ideal biomass? Or Microalgae: advantages and disadvantages The microalgae culture have the infinite potential to be used as primary producers of biomass in coming years, eventually they will turn out to be as most significant energy source. They can act as feedstock for several types of renewable fuels such as ethanol, methanol, biodiesel, methane and hydrogen. Table 1 represents certain feedstocks used for biofuel production (Chisti 2007; Dominguez-Faus
1.3 GASIFICATION THEORY 1.3.1 Bioenergy and the Role of Biomass Gasification The demand for energy sources to satisfy human energy consumption continues to increase. Prior to the use of fossil fuels, biomass was the primary source of energy for heat via combustion. With the introduction of fossil fuels in the forms of coal, petroleum and natural gas, the world increasingly became dependent on these fossil fuel sources. Currently, the main energy source in the world
renewable energy are 1. Solar 2. Wind 3. Geothermal energy 4. Biomass 5. Ocean 6. Hydropower 1. Solar energy- Sun is the main source of solar energy. Most renewable energy comes either directly or indirectly from the sun. Using sun radiation, we use solar cooker for cooking food, solar heater for heating water naturally, using solar panels we used to store and generate electricity and variety of commercial and industrial
Introduction The sources of energy in the world majorly classified in to two types: renewable energy sources and non-renewable energy sources. , Solar energy, biomass energy, wind energy, tidal energy, hydro energy, and geothermal energy falls under renewable sources which are generated directly from the nature like the sun, rain, wind, tides, and it is possible to generate it over and over whenever it is needed and they are non-exhaustive.1 Whereas, non-renewable energy sources include natural
CHAPTER 2 Review of Literature This chapter describes about biological methods of ammonical nitrogen removal processes from waste waters, their advantages and disadvantages compared to heterotrophic bacterial ammonia removal processes. These methods include both aerobic and anaerobic methods of ammonical nitrogen removal, their drawbacks in view of performance, literature studies on simultaneous heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification, immobilization studies including materials for
INTRODUCTION As the country’s population growth rate increase they need to develop their economy in this power world. Energy is one of the basic ingredients required to elevate poverty and socio economic development and energy is an important development of country .today a country can only finish its economy by its power equipment’s and machineries which are working safely if the power continuity is widely available. Pakistan has been facing an unprecedent energy crisis since the last several years
fuels in the transport department , by reducing greenhouse gas emissions.(source: ec.europa.eu). The two most common types of biofuels in use today are ethanol and biodiesel. Ethanol is most commonly made by a process known as fermentation from biomass high in carbohydrates, sugars and starches. Ethanol is mostly used as a blending agent with gasoline to increase octane and cut down carbon emitting gases which cause atmospheric pollution. Biodiesel is made by combining alcohol ( methanol) with
Algal biomass as plant fertilizer and Growth Stimulant Literature review In this literature review, we discuss algae characteristics and cultivation. Moreover, we provide information about the use of algae as fertilizers and growth stimulants, the definition of biofertilizer and biostimulant, and how they help the plant to grow and to produce a higher yield. Also, we provide several case studies of researches aimed to elucidate the role of algae as biofertilizers and biostimulants. General characteristics
and passive systems (Lewis & Nocera, 2006). The main advantages of solar energy are that it is clean, able to operate independently or in conjunction with traditional energy sources, and is remarkably renewable (Lewis & Nocera, 2006). The main disadvantages are that it is currently more expensive than traditional energy, and the availability of solar radiation varies from day to day, and from season to season (Lewis & Nocera, 2006). 5.2 Wind power Wind power involves converting wind energy into electricity
energy is increasing, limited resources of fossil fuel and their cost is increasing the requirement of renewable energy sources. This resources are basically a part of Earth's natural environment .This are obtained from natural resources such as wind, biomass, sunlight, green energy, tides, and geothermal energy. Electricity generation is one of their important application. Renewable energy such as solar energy is obtained from sunlight and has various applications such as heating, cooking etc. This renewable