CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of study Since the beginning of agriculture humans have had to endure major crop losses because of disease. Even today, when crop health is under careful scrutiny, disease may suddenly strike and ruin an entire season's growth. Fungal plant pathogens play an important role in all our lives as they threaten food security, economic prosperity and natural environments. Many fungi produce biologically activecompounds, several of which are toxicto animals or plants
Access to Potable Water The Philippine Institute for Development Studies conducted a study last late 2008 to early 2009 about the local service delivery in the sectors of education, health and potable water and it focused in the area of Dumaguete City in Negros Oriental and the province of Agusan del Sur in Mindanao (Israel, 2009). Several studies were made regarding the accessibility of potable drinking water in the Philippines. According to Greenpeace and World Bank, one out of 5 Filipinos did
Sci., 5(1): 8-16. Gardner, B.F., L.V. James, and S.D. Rubbo. 1956. Production of Citric Acid by Mutants of Aspergillus niger. J.gen.Microbiol., 14: 228-237. Gupta, M., K. Manisha and R. Grover. 2012. Effect of various media types on the rate of growth of Aspergillus niger. Ind. J. Fundament. Appl. Lif. Sci., 2(2): 141-144. HU, W., J. Liu, J.Che, S. Wang, D. Lu, Q. Wu, and W. L. 2014. A mutation of Aspergillus niger for hyper-production of citric acid from corn meal hydrolysate in a bioreactor
Iran,. Wine was identified by the presence of the calcium salt of tartaric acid, which occurs in large amounts only in grapes, and in the resin from the terebinth tree, which was widely used in ancient times as an additive to wine to inhibit the growth of bacteria. Whereas wild grape pips have been found to originate as far back as the eighth millennium, this archeological Discovery marks the earliest scientific record of fermented wine as part of
The ever increasing demand for food and other basic needs has put a lot of pressure on the plant genetic resources (PGR) and diversity particularly in agricultural sector in terms of addressing the accompanied challenges associated with increasing crop productivity. The utilization of PGR in agriculture has not only brought about profound changes in the crop productivity and quality, but has also opened up newer and unforeseen potential vistas including improvement of novel traits by domestication
are commonly cultivated worldwide. The pericarp (the outer most covering of the millet) is of little nutritional significance. Multilayered (five layered) are present in the seed coat or the testa, which is unique compared to other millets such as Sorghum, Pearl millet, Proso millet, and Foxtail millet (FAO,1995) and may this could be one of the possible reasons for the higher dietry fiber content in finger millet. The seed coat is tightly bound to the aleurone layer (a layer between the seed coat
BIOFUELS Two problems roused the world’s concern in recent years. One is energy crisis caused by the squandering of petroleum fuel. Second problem is environmental problems such as greenhouse effect, global warming, etc. To deal with such problems, renewable sources, utilization technology and bioenergy production technology have been developed. Bioethanol as one of the biofuel can be blended in different proportions in automobiles with gasoline. Biobutanol is also a new biofuel (Liu, Wang, & Zhang
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION Diesel engine is a very popular prime mover used for surface transportation, agricultural machinery needs and in industries. Diesel engines of more than 6.5 million units are being used only in the Indian agricultural sectors for different activities and the import of petroleum products is a major draw off on our foreign exchange sectors and with increasing demand in future years the condition is likely to become worse. Hence, it is an urgent need for a country like India