approach being followed. According to the World Bank’s 1989 report, "Good governance is epitomized by predictable, open and enlightened policy-making, a bureaucracy imbued with a professional ethos acting in furtherance of the public good, the rule of law, transparent processes, and a strong civil society participating in public affairs. Poor governance is characterized by arbitrary policy making, unaccountable bureaucracies, unenforced or unjust legal systems, the abuse of executive power, a civil
favour the strategic defection model. By taking the June 1998 land-reform programme in Zimbabwe as a starting point, the paper explores how the judiciary in Zimbabwe witnessed a great shift in its independence. Two major political events; the Constitutional referendum of February 2000 and the general parliamentary elections of June 2000 will also be examined. The effect of these events on the judiciary in Zimbabwe will be of great concern. The next section will give an overview of the impact of the
means ‘rule by people’ taken from a Greek terms, Demos (meaning people)and Kratos (meaning “rule”) .It is a political concept and form of government , where all people are supposed to have equal voices in shaping policy(.Andrew , H,2007.politics.3rd ed, New york: Palgrave Macmillan).Democracy is defined in numerous ways. Definitions aligned to democracy are seen as follows: A system of rule by the poor and disadvantaged. A system of decision making based on the principle of majority rule. A system
People who are charged with first degree murder can be sentenced to life in prison. This law discourages people from committing murder but it does not protect people who are murdered. It merely provides justice to those who are wronged. • The Right to Physical Security for Refugees in South African Law: There is no specific right to physical security detailed in the Constitution but this does not undermine the importance of the right. This right
For example, many arbitrations are voluntary in that both parties agree to submit the dispute to arbitration, and the parties often agree on the selection of the arbitrator and the procedural rules. Generally, rules of evidence and procedure are more relaxed than the rules of court. Arbitration can also be ordered by a court or be compelled by a statute. In such cases, the arbitrator is usually appointed by a judge or government official. An arbitrator has limited jurisdiction that
For internal migration which is mostly the rural-urban drift, most rural dwellers move for economic or security reasons. For instance in the case of Nigeria, with the onset of the terrorist attacks in the north most of the people there have moved to the south for security. Others move to the cities because they believe there are more opportunities and entrepreneurs (mostly micro-entrepreneurs) move to gain a greater market for their businesses. (Todaro and Smith 2011) In the area of international
The South African foreign policy dates a long way from the apartheid era, during the time when the Pretoria regime was considered as an international pariah that carried out a cruel foreign policy that was mostly fixed to protect the white minority rule in an increasingly hostile regional and international environment. Jean-Paul Marthoz’s main ideas about the South African foreign policy approach As with accordance to the author (Jean-Paul Marthoz), he explains a foreign policy as a means of solving
The environmental barriers are most of the time discussed under the umbrella term ‘accessibility’ (Useh et al., 2001). Although accessibility is a well-known and frequently used word, there is no unambiguous definition for it (Iwarsson and Stahl., 2003 in Shoodihal, 2006) and a number of authors have argued matters about its definition. The standard definition of accessibility in the fourth edition of the dictionary ‘the ease with which one place can be reached from another’ which included interactions
1. Introduction Africa at least for more than half of century was the condominium of the West except its two parts: Ethiopia and Liberia. Before colonization African societies has lived in state or stateless societies. The society has its own political structure. Those society formed patrimonial political system. Mean a while officially the Europe started colonization in Africa around 1870s. The Europe exploited resources and alienated Africans from any kind of rights. Then the different groups,