Kotler and Armstrong (2014) stated that marketing mix is a “set of tactical marketing tools: Product, Price, Place, Promotion that the firm blends to produce the response it wants in the target market” (p. 76). The first element of 4Ps is Product. Yudelson (1999) defined product as all the benefits (present or anticipated) that the buyer acquired from the exchange. Product is the goods or services that are created by company and offered in the business sector to fulfill shoppers’ needs. There are
products. Personal selling may be fit for non-branded products. Advertising, personal selling, sales promotion and publicity – all four tools – are used for a newly launched product to get a rapid consumer acceptance. 2. Use of Product: Product may be industrial product, consumable and necessity product, or may be luxurious
say that for several years business marketing took "a back seat" to consumer marketing.In relation to marketing today, its history is more recent He adds that the bulk of research on business marketing has come in the last 25 years. This entailed providers of goods or services selling directly to households through mass media and retail channels. David Lichtenthal (professor of marketing at Zicklin School of Business) notes in his research that business marketing has existed since the mid-19th century
uses green marketing there are a number of potential problems that they must overcome. One of the main problems is that firms using green marketing must ensure that their activities are not misleading to consumers or industry, and do not breach any of the regulations or laws dealing with environmental marketing. For example marketers in the US must ensure their green marketing claims can meet the following set of criteria, in order to comply with the FTC's guidelines. Green marketing claims must;
purchasing activity. Consequently, the existence of such purchasing environment may support the idea of industrial customers to be more rational than B2C consumers (Hague & Harrison, n.d.). The belief in B2B markets rationality has predominated in marketers’ minds for a comparatively long period of time. Most emphasis in marketing activities has been done on products or services functional characteristics without attention to personal values (Lynch & de Chernatony, 2004). B2B buyers were generally considered
knowledge in the field of customer-driven marketing strategy decisions (segmentation, targeting and positioning), it is a must to delve deeper into marketing mix, since it was considered as the tactical tools that marketers use to implement their strategies and to create customer value as well as profitable customer relationships (Armstrong & Kotler 2008). Obviously, the product is usually the first and most basic marketing consideration in the marketing mix elements. In the context of globalization
business-to-business marketing and consumer marketing results in important differences in how marketing communications tools are processed and acted on by their targets. A model of business-to-business marketing communications effects should consider these differences and adequately explain both internal reactions to advertisements and externally directed influence toward other members of a buying center. We suggest a typology of contextual differences between consumer and business-to-business marketing communications
Local and Global Marketing The Mikasa established their company in Japan since 1917. Japan is an Asian country and one of the most innovative countries in world. They may be characterized by the Hofstede’s cultural dimension, the power distance is moderated and the decision, it takes too long to final decision. In the dimension of individualism, they are moderated and the score researched by the marketer is 46 percent of individual. They look likes individualism in taking the responsibility and
personal sources. Furthermore, it is important to emphasize that the influence of word-of-mouth communication is equally as important in industrial markets as in consumer markets. Opinion leadership also operates in industrial markets and seems to be
to determine whether the company should expand to that particular country. Hence, the demographic environment influences Changes with population characteristics such as gender, age, race sexual orientation, ethnic origin and social class. Studying these factors will help on determining which methods to use to segment the population for effective marketing. e. Political-legal environment Political-legal environment are rules and regulations that a government establish in order to control and limit