connections between the Vikings language and the English language of the time. The Vikings spoke a language called ‘Old Norse’. Old Norse and Old English were similar in many ways as they belonged to the same language family, a proto-indo European language. Therefore, the Old Norse was able to be integrated with relative ease into Old English. Their influence extends past loan words and encompasses grammar, syntax. This paper highlights the influence of the Vikings on the English
From “aide-mémoire” to “c'est la vie” English abounds with lexical borrowings from French. However, over the years anglicisms and Americanisms have become part of French vocabulary with the term Franglais being used to talk about lexical borrowing from French in English and from English in French(Thody,1995,p.1). This essay will examine the latter, looking at what types of English loanwords have been integrated into French lexicon and analysing how they have been “frenchified” and the use of Franglais
This paper examines the positive, and negative, impact of English loanwords; currently being used in the Japanese language. Loanwords are words that have been borrowed from one language and incorporated into another; these words are sometimes integrated without any further modification. The initial consideration is as to why so many English loanwords have managed to infiltrate the Japanese language. Thereafter, the negative and positive implications for Japanese society are explored. The aim is
1. a. anorak The word originated from the Greenlandic word ‘anoraq’. It was first used in the English language in 1924 to describe the western imitations of an “anoraq” (OED Online, 2011). It is possible that the ‘q’ in the original word was replaced with ‘k’ as there is very few English words that end with ‘q’ so it was anglicised instead. Later in 1984, it also became British slang for a boring, studious or socially inept person (OED Online, 2014). According to Cresswell (2010), this is because
have the belief that if they knew or master one of the Scandinavian languages, they can easily learn other languages in the group because of the similarities in vocabulary and sometimes grammar. However, this assumption is generally incorrect especially in the case of Finnish due to the language’s special origin. This origin and many other attributes of the Finnish language cause people to assume that Finnish is a hard language to learn, but in fact, it is not hard but just different (Branch, n.d
Introduction Language is the primary means by which the human species communicate with one another. Within any region of the world, members of the homo sapien species employ language as a communicative and social device, though these may differ according to region. It is often the case that there is linguistic difference across parts of the world, as inhabitants of different regions speak different languages. For example, the main language used in Germany is German, while in France, French is dominant
in morphological research was defined by Hockett (1958) “as property of language which allows us to say things which have never been said before” Bauer, 2001, p.1) and Chomosky (1965) later related productivity to the creativity of a language ( as cited in Bauer, 2001, p. 1). Shultink (1961) view productivity as the possibility for users of a language to unintentionally produce a more or less uncountable number of new words (cited as well in Bouer 2001, p. 1). His definition is thus somewhat similar
Scottish”. They comprise three main, overlapping language communities: 1) those whose first language is Scottish English, or Educated Scottish Standard English, moreover, the majority of the population of modern Scotland are effectively bilingual; with about 99% of Scotland-born claiming native proficiency in English. 2) those whose first language, and often the main language of everyday communication, is Scots, though they may have to switch to English in formal contexts. 3) 1,1 % of Scottish population
INTRODUCTION Our thoughts carry meaning that we make concrete by means of a language, so when we speak, we reflect what is in our minds, in our hearts and in our souls. These thoughts integrate our ideology which is affected by influences coming from the culture we live in. That is why the surrounding ideas, customs, skills, and tools, have impact on any language. As our culture provides us with guidelines to behave appropriately within our community, our speech must include those qualities that
investigate the evolution of language using modelling techniques borrowed from computational genetics. Almost none of this work addresses the question of ambiguity, and much of it adopts the simplifying assumption that expressions have unambiguous meanings. 2.1 In collaboration with Aviv Bergman and Thorsten Brandts, we have begun to model highly simplified versions of the kinds of factors discussed above that might influence the survival of ambiguity as languages change. This work is still in