Assignment 15-8

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15–8 Cells communicate in ways that resemble human communication. Decide which of the following forms of human communication are analogous to autocrine, paracrine, endocrine, and synaptic signaling by cells. A. A telephone conversation This method will be analogous to synaptic signaling, the communication is controlled between 2 cells, and is displace between 2 points which can either be in close proximity or across a large distance. The only difference will be, that this signaling goes on one direction,while a human phone conversations is a bidirectional path. It could be said that is controlled by neural activity, and neural networks are similar to the telecommunications network that make phone calls possible. B. Talking to people at…show more content…
15–10 How is it that different cells can respond in different ways to exactly the same signaling molecule even when they have identical receptors? While cells might have homologous receptors, the internal proteins, which the receptors will bind to in response to external stimuli will be different in diverse types of cells, which will result in different responses to the same molecule. 15–12 Consider a signaling pathway that proceeds through three protein kinases that are sequentially activated by phosphorylation. In one case, the kinases are held in a signaling complex by a scaffolding protein; in the other, the kinases are freely diffusible (Figure Q15–1). Discuss the properties of these two types of organization in terms of signal amplification, speed, and potential for cross-talk between signaling pathways. Scafolding acelerates signal transmision and eliminates cross-talk among pathways, the drawback is that this limits the range of the signal from the receptor to the 3rd kinase. Freely diffusing the kinases increase the range , allowing them to phosphorylate several molecules in the cascade sequence from the 1st to the 2nd , and to the 3rd kinase; in this case the speed of the pathway will be directly proportional to the concentrations of the…show more content…
While the occytes samples is diverse ( diferent sizes and ages ) the individual effect of progesterone is not all clear given this parameters. While this can be linked to the availability of receptors among the different individual oocytes, the specific reason for a graded response in population cells origin still
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