Media composition: Fermentation broth was prepared using two different substrates. The composition of the culture broth is given below: Fermentation broth using waste bread as substrate: Waste bread 1.5% (NH4)2SO4 0.2% MgSO4.7H2O 0.04% KCl 0.1% KH2PO4 0.2% Yeast Extract 0.1% pH 6.5 Fermentation broth using waste of Citrus sinsencis as substrate: Waste fruit 1.5% (NH4)2SO4 0.2% MgSO4.7H2O 0.04% KCl 0.1% KH2PO4 0.2% Yeast Extract 0.1% pH 6.5 Media preparation: Using
Chapter:1 Introduction & Review of Literature 1.1 Enzyme Enzymes are biological catalysts,chemical reactions.Enzyme may act are called substrates and molecules called enzyme converts these into different products. Enzyme are utilized commercially ,for example, synthesis of antibiotics. The study of enzyme is called enzymology. French chemist Anselme payen was the first to discover an enzyme,diastase,in 1833.The
Aquaculture is one of the fast rising systems in the world, which has developed as an industry likely to supply protein rich food all over the world (Prasad. 1996). The demand for animal protein has gone far away beyond source as a result of the fast progression of human population in many states of the world, particularly in the emerging countries. A serious requirement is therefore essential to increase the production of protein causes. Nowadays, aquaculture is one of the fastest increasing food
Saliva plays critical role in the maintenance of optimal oral health and the creation of an appropriate ecologic balance.1 Saliva is one of the most important factors in regulating oral health, with flow rate and composition changing throughout development and during disease.2 Dental caries is an infectious bacterial biofilm disease which is expressed in a predominantly pathologic oral environment. Although acid generating bacteria are the etiologic agents, dental caries has been thought of as multifactorial
protein is relatively better balanced; it contains more lysine, threonine and valine than other millets. The millet straw is also an important livestock feed, building material and fuel. Finger millet contains methionine, an essential amino acid Review of Literature Page 16 lacking in the diets of hundreds of millions of the poor who rely mostly on starchy staples (Apoorva et al 2010; Ravindran
CHAPTER # 1: LITERATURE REVIEW Gardnerj et al (1956) investigated citric acid production by mutants of Aspergillus niger. The strain of Aspergillus niger was improved by X-rays and ultraviolet irradiations and found that as compared to wild, the mutated strain give more yield of citric acid. They concluded that 80 % of the sugar fermented was obtained in aerated culture, whereas only 21 % was obtained with the parent strain. Banik et al