1. Introduction 3 2. Theoretical Background of Experiment 4 3. Application in Industry 5 4. Experimental Setup 6 5. Experimental Data and Analysis 8 6. Summary/Conclusions 10 7. References 11 Keywords Stirling engine, effiecny , thermal pump, gas jaws, isochoric, isothermal , conversion of heat ,first and second law of thermodynamics and reversible cycle. Introduction The Stirling engine is an heat engine that operate the heat with the help of expansion and comparison of air and that happen
The ideal gas laws are not referred to the gas mixture as it is related to real gases. So, the equation will add Z factor to a general ideal gas formula. Therefore, the adiabatic constant – γ should be determined using the equation:γ=Cp/Cv , where Cp is the molar heat capacity and γ is adiabatic constant. This constant can also be found through the tables, but for this case, the analytical approach is preferable
Energy is essential to economic growth and sustainable developments. Providing access to affordable, reliable and sustainable energy is a key factor to help ending extreme poverty and promoting universal prosperity. Around 1.1 billion people worldwide still live without access to electricity – most of them in Africa and Asia, and another 2.8 billion rely on wood or other biomass for cooking and heating (World Bank, 2016). Therefore, achieving energy security has to be one of the high priority goals
Titration: The word titration comes from the Latin word "titulus", which means inscription or title. The French word title means rank. Therefore, Titration means the determination of concentration or rank of a solution with respect to water with a pH of 7. The standard solution is usually added from a graduated vessel called a burette. The process of adding standard solution until the reaction is just complete is termed as titration and the substance to be determined is said to be titrated.
The activation energy was calculated from slope (Eo/RT) by linear plot of lnk on l/T, using the Arrhenius equation k = lnA-Ea/RT, where k can be defined at given temperature (in Kelvin) as rate constant, A is a constant and R is universal gas constant. The catalytic reduction of 4-NP was studied at six different temperatures (25, 30, 35, 45, 55, 65 and 70oC) using olibanum gum capped AuNPs as catalyst. Investigation of activation energy was made as a plot of lnk and the
Introduction: Gas chromatography is an instrumental method for the separation and identification of chemical compounds. Chromatography involves a sample (or sample extract) being dissolved in a mobile phase (which may be a gas, a liquid or a supercritical fluid). The mobile phase is then forced through an immobile, immiscible stationary phase. The phases are chosen such that components of the sample have differing solubility’s in each phase. A component that is quite soluble in the stationary phase
------------ (3) Where Ce is the equilibrium concentration (molL–1), Qe is the amount adsorbed (mol g–1). Kf and n are Freundlich constants related to adsorption capacity and adsorption intensity respectively. Log Qe was plotted against Log Ce for the equilibrium data of phenol and shown in Figs. 12-13. The Freundlich constants Kf and n for activated carbon and magnetic activated carbon were calculated from the slope and intercept of the plot and given in Table 5. The correlation
there is a linear relation between absorbance and the concentration of protein through this equation: A= Ʃ.c.L, where A is the absorbance, Ʃ is a constant known as the molar extinction coefficient, c is the concentration and L is the path length of light. In the context of L and Ʃ, absorbance is directly proportional to concentration. Thus to find the constant value of Ʃ*L, a standardised α-amylase solution was
Effect, the inlet and the outlet parts of the tube oscillate in different directions simultaneously. These very sensitive sensors gather this change in the tube oscillation in terms of time and space that is called the phase shift. How much liquid or gas is flowing through the pipe can be measured using this phase shift. The higher flow velocity and therefore the total flow, the greater the deflection of the oscillating measuring tube. A typical coriolis mass flow meter can measure not only mass flow
The growing demand for electricity throughout the world has expanded the horizons of science and technology. One of the advancements in energy production is the use of renewable sources such as solar, wind and geothermal energy. In the Philippines, the practical use of solar power through net metering and Peak / Off-Peak programs of MERALCO has been introduced in the Philippine household. The first solar cell came to life and it was the brainchild of Charles Fritts that has 1 to 2% energy conversion