Civil services form the permanent bureaucracy of the government of India. This concept of civil services has been prevalent in India since ancient times. In Mauryan administration, adhyakshas and rajukas were employed in the name of civil servants. In those days as well the civil servants were recruited on the basis of merit. While searching to create a framework to hold the Indian territories, this concept of civil services came into prominence and the much coveted 'Indian Civil Services' was
out to a considerable growth of professionalization of civil associations, their marketization and bureaucratization. The changes are challenging the traditional concepts of civil self-organization and volunteering and bring us to the new concept of the non-profit sector (or the third sector). The modern concepts of the non-profit
Legal Aid is a service created by the government to provide legal representation to people that are unable to afford legal counsel during court proceedings. According to the article Civil Legal Aid, Fairclough stated that beginning in the late 1800s and throughout the early years of the 20th century, the American legal profession expressed its commitment to the concept of free legal assistance for poor people in the form of “legal aid societies and bar association legal aid committees.” Fairclough
plangent and effective civil society, checking corruption turns into a very tough almost impossible task. In the context of Bangladesh only radical and fundamental policy measures initiated and strongly backed by a committed political leadership and supported and implied by a reoriented bureaucracy and watched and monitored by an organized and vocal civil society can prevent
The State must reflect the civil society. The two are, in Hegel, elements of the objective spirit meant to coincide in the higher unity of the ethical world. Marx perceives only their separation, and the domination of the first over the second. That is why he (wrongfully) accuses Hegel to have adhered to the economic liberalism of Adam Smith and David Ricardo, promoting, thus, the individualism and a spurious type of private property. Instead, he chooses to promote the mutual recognition (similar
Conscription during the Civil War Conscription, also known as the draft, legally forced people to join the army. During the Civil War period, there weren’t enough volunteers and they needed people to fight in the war. Therefore, they had to force people, who were strong and able, to join the military and fight. Although the draft was mandatory for those that were able, people who had money were able to buy their way out of it. On March 3, 1863, Congress passed a Conscription Act which stated that
and social services. Professionals can gain an awareness of the structural conditions their clients are facing by adopting a human rights approach and move from a need to rights approach in response (Lundy, 2011). Primary assumptions about human rights are important in making decisions concerning how to educate, protect and care for children, and how to resolve conflicts among individuals. Knowledge about the essence and limit of human rights are key theoretical resources for human service workers (Connolly
Zainab Farhat The journey of the concept of Good Governance in modern times has gone through many phases. In the pre-independence period Gandhiji's vision of good governance essentially meant democratic decentralisation which entailed power to the Gram Panchayats and people at the lowest level of political hierarchy. By the early 1990s, however, the idea of good governance had turned into a metaphor of donor-conditionality for the debt-ridden countries of Asia and Africa. It was often blamed
Basically, Ombudsman is deriving from Swedish word which has the meaning of a representative or agent of the people or group of people. Even though Sweden was the first country which introduced Ombudsman; however a great deal of interest in the concept of ombudsman was started in New Zealand and for the past 30 years, there has been the spread of ombudsman system across the world where
general (Choi, 2010). By this time, the government encouraged the private academies that functioned as centers for students preparing for the civil service examination as well as research hubs for private academics (Haboush, 1991). As a consequence, both private and state schools became “an important transmitter of Confucian values in society” and the civil service examination became “a prime avenue of social mobility” (Robinson 1991:205). However, this examination system instead created many layers of