CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE This section presents a brief review of existing theoretical and empirical literature of tax and tax administration. This review of literature establishes the framework for the study and high lights the noticeable strength and weakness of previous studies, which in return help in clearly identifying the gap in the literature and formulating the research question for the study. 2.1. Definitions and Concepts of Tax Taxes are a portion of private wealth, exacted
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1: TAXATION Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. said: “Taxes are the price we pay for civilization. More specifically, taxes are the price we pay for the Canada we love. This means that for a country to attain civilization, there must be tax rules in place”. “Cooley defines taxation as the process or means by which the sovereign, through its law-making body, raises income to defray the necessary expenses of government. Expressed in another way, it is a method of apportioning the cost of
definition of the accounting entity and this exercise is commonly referred to as creative accounting. There are various definitions of creative accounting that encompasses earnings management and other concepts relating to accounting manipulation in literature. Gowthorpe&Amat (2005) uses creative accounting and earnings management synonymously; the authors considers creative accounting as involving transformation of
most to country’s income. Tax collected by Inland Revenue Board of Malaysia (IRBM) will help Malaysian government for future development. It becomes tools to boost the Malaysian economic development (Junainah, Raman Noordin, Abdul Wahid Mohd Kassim, 2013). There are two categories of tax which are direct and indirect tax. Direct tax is refer to a tax paid by an individual or organization directly to a government, such as income tax, and real property tax. The direct tax will be under responsibility
Discussion The aim of this research was to figure out the media strategies used by Paytm during demonetization for the growth of Paytm and to study how the media strategies affected Paytm’s acceptance after demonetization. There are three main hypothesis for this study: Usage of Paytm increased during demonetization as the country went cashless, making it popular amongst all consumers. The wide acceptance of Paytm amongst various merchants increased its popularity. The 360 degree campaign of Paytm