Strategic Bombing During World War II

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Air power has been one of the most controversial issues for defence policy since its introduction into military warfare in the early part of the twentieth century. The manifestation of strategic bombing in World War II was and still is a debated event which is significant to New Zealand. Strategic bombing was the pin pointed, sustained aerial attack on railways, harbours, cities, worker’s housing, and industrial districts in enemy territory throughout World War II. The purpose of strategic bombing was to demoralise the enemy and destroy their economic ability to produce transport materiel to the theatres of military operations. It was the belief during World War II by many military strategists of air power that victories may be acquired by…show more content…
At the start of the war aircraft were primitive having only been in existence for a decade and were used almost exclusively for recon and static balloons continued to be used throughout the war. Airship technology saw the development of balloons into an offensive weapon with the famous Zeppelin raids. In World War Two the use of Strategic Bombing was controversially and debatably crucially utilized in both the European and Pacific theatres as part of total war; a term which describes the use of the entirety of one country’s recourses to aid their success during wartime. Strategic Bombing was an increasingly important facet of this, as throughout the course of the War (1939-1945) various forms of bombing campaigns became a primary source of warfare, which ultimately, caused the surrender of Japan, and to certain extent Nazi Germany. Bombings such as the Hiroshima and Dresden examples still today are having immediate effects that are still devastating and…show more content…
The Luftwaffe began to bomb cities and the civilian population of Poland in this haphazard aerial bombardment campaign. As the Second World War continued, Axis and Ally bombing increased significantly. The first strategic bombing raid by the RAF on Germany was at Monchengladbach on 11 May 1940. Air power had developed immensely, there were now bombers capable of devastating cities. The new aircraft flew high enough that anti-aircraft guns were largely inadequate and fast enough that fighters were unlikely to intercept them. As Stanley Baldwin stated ‘The bomber will always get through’. An appeal to the major belligerents (France, Germany, Britain, Italy and Poland) was made by Franklin D. Roosevelt on 1 September 1939, to confine air raids solely on military targets, and ‘under no circumstances undertake bombardment from the air of civilian populations in unfortified cities’. The British and French agreed to abide by the president’s request. Germany also agreed to the request of the president and explained the previous bombing of Warsaw as still complying with the agreement because it was supposedly a fortified city. The period between WWI and WWII would see a development in the theoretical distinction between strategic and tactical air warfare. Leading theorists during this time included Giulio Douhet, the Trenchard school in Great Britain and general Billy Mitchell in the U.S. In his
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