66), suggesting social learning theory as a potential theoretical basis to guide research in this area. Social learning theory posits that an individual’s behavior can be predicted based on two factors: an individual’s expectation that with the performance of a particular behavior a particular reward will ensue and second
It is clear from both theoretical and empirical literature that social capital is a context specific notion and an outcome of a particular community and locality. And so, studies conducted so far and to be conducted in the future in this area could have their own contribution in enriching the theoretical, methodological, and empirical literature of the subject matter. As indicated above, the theme of social capital has got diminutive attention in the policy framework and strategy of national and
integrity, unified society. The state certainly uses coercion, but it does much more in creating and reproducing the social discourse to maintain the status quo and prevent the other threats from outside. So to say, the global civil society has a capacity to polarize the unified society and this threat to the nation-state as well. For example, the pro-democratic civil society (social movement) in Hong Kong, who imported the democratic value (global norm) from westerns threaten to Beijing challenging
III. Trust and Social Cohesion Social cohesion is the “glue” that holds the society together and it is seen to be the effect of trust and reciprocity. It is linked to the concepts, some say the product - of social and human capital (Heyneman S. , 2002/03). Human capital is embodied in the skills, knowledge and attitudes acquired by an individual. Social capital is the strength which comes from the relations among people. (Coleman, 1988). Those relations within and across the groups are identified
Robert Putnam says this about social capital ‘Whereas physical capital refers to physical objects and human capital refers to the properties of individuals, social capital refers to connections among individuals – social networks and the norms of reciprocity and trustworthiness that arise from them. In that sense social capital is closely related to what some have called “civic virtue.” The difference is that “social capital” calls attention to the fact that civic virtue is most powerful when embedded
Clubs should also be understood as a place which is created and re-created. “Places are fusions of human and natural order and are the significant centres of our immediate experiences of the world. Places are not abstractions or concepts, but are directly experienced phenomena of the lived-world and hence are full of meanings, with real objects, and with ongoing activities” (Relph, 1976). Because these meanings and experiences have deep emotional and psychological ties as reflected from people’s
Fashion & Contemporary Society – Greenwood (2003) describes “Fashion represents perhaps the purest — if also the least noble — form of socially held or engaged cognition, emotion and behavior”. Fashion itself reflects social, economic, political and cultural changes and expresses modernity, symbolizing the spirit of the times (Zegheanu, 2016). Lipovetsky (2002) has compared fashion with democracy as unstable, ephemeral and superficial, but states it as a positive and more workable then a more interdependent
the concept of social capital: “features of social organization such as networks, norms, and social trust that facilitate coordination and cooperation for mutual benefit”. Social capital is the reason we uphold the social contract. Social capital is the result of a functioning society. Collins’ “Nonrational Foundations of Reality” presents
Civic Engagement and Social Capital I believe Robert Putnam is correct about the importance of civic engagement and its impact on the quality of life in American Communities and Society. However, I do not agree with his assessment that social capital is on the decline. I do believed that the assessment of the increase or decline of social capital in the United States depends on which indicators of social capital are being assessed. In an article on social capital by Pamela Paxton of Ohio State
identities within mainstream group, as members of specific social groupings (such as white, middle-class conservative Americans). Persons who identify with subcultures, like punk culture, or black nationalist subcultures, look and act differently from those in the mainstream, and thus create oppositional identities, defining themselves