The Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) is a regional grouping of nineteen African sovereign states, namely Burundi, Comoros, Democratic Republic of Congo, Djibouti, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Rwanda, Seychelles, Sudan, Swaziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe which have agreed to promote regional integration through trade development and to develop their natural and human resources for mutual benefit of all their people (COMESA, 1998)
economic integration initiatives has been prospect of enhanced economic growth in South African construction industry. The impact of regional economic integration and globalization on construction industries in South Africa is evidenced by the decreasing market share of the local players in the industry. Developing countries need to institute radical reforms in their development agenda in order to leapfrog, and bridge this difference. That is why increase in foreign participation in construction activities
1. Introduction Africa at least for more than half of century was the condominium of the West except its two parts: Ethiopia and Liberia. Before colonization African societies has lived in state or stateless societies. The society has its own political structure. Those society formed patrimonial political system. Mean a while officially the Europe started colonization in Africa around 1870s. The Europe exploited resources and alienated Africans from any kind of rights. Then the different groups,
MARKET-ORIENTED REFORMS IN PUBLIC SECTOR: A CASE STUDY OF LAHORE DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY BACKGROUND New Public Management (NPM), a public sector reforms started from 1980’s onwards. It is formally conceptualized by Hood in 1991. United Kingdom claims to have been its birthplace; many papers and researches providing evidences from UK. These NPM reforms are widespread and the Anglo-American countries and International organizations are among its strong advocates. In many developing countries including