worldwide, leading to the definition of a new economic order. Since the very end of the 19th century, many economists as Clement Juglar (1819-1905) [1], Nikolaï Kondratieff (1892-1938) [2], or John Maynard Keynes (1883-1946) have highlighted the existence of « economic cycles » that can be defined as an alternation of growth and recession periods punctuated by global crisis. Clement Juglar in 1862 was one of the first economists to stress the existence of an economic cycle of around eight years combining
Most of the world’s leading economies run purely on planned obsolescence for economic growth. This phenomenon lends itself to mass production satisfying consumer demands. Obsolescence as a practice has given rise to financial progress and changing business strategies over the years. In this paper, I make the claim that obsolescence has become a great contributor to the present day crises of environmental sustainability. Additionally, this paper provides insights on ways in which obsolescence is hidden
Taxation Taxes are levied in almost every part of the world. Since this dissertation is based solely on tax, a definition of tax seems important. According to the Concise Oxford Dictionary, the word ‘tax’ is defined as “A compulsory contribution to state revenue, levied by the government on workers' income and business profits, or added to the cost of some goods, services, and transactions.” On the other hand, the OECD classified the term ‘tax’ as “a compulsory, unrequited payments to general government
Neo-liberalism is not really new at all. It is premised on the nineteenth-century liberal belief that unregulated markets, rather than the state or public institutions, will produce all of the social or public goods we need. This Neo-liberal ideology was grounded in the 'classical liberal tradition', which was primarily hailed by Adam Smith in his treatise, The Wealth of Nations, in 1776. For
third-largest country in the world in terms of the higher education system as considered in terms of enrolment, trends and economic growth rate of 7%. India’s higher education gross enrolment ratio GER is more than 20 percent. The Higher education system has seen a steep growth in terms of quality, infrastructure, and implementation. It is the factor, which played a vital role in the globalization, industrialization, information technology etc. Higher education sector is the fastest developing sector