primal instincts of the person, or what Sadger’s theory (1926) said, which was that children developed a tendency to sadism when their caretakers both bring sexual pleasure and deny it when initiating toilet training or preventing masturbation. Many studies have been done on sadism, but there have been no links to biological processes, such as endocrine or brain abnormalities (Hucker,
management leads to higher attrition is discussed as well. This angle is critical as studies have demonstrated that a greater part of the employees who quit companies give inadequate or skewed compensation as the reason for their exit. Hence, compensation management is something that companies must consider important in the event that they are to achieve a competitive advantage in the market for
2003) as one's ability to deal efficiently in situations characterized by cultural diversity. Cultural intelligence has metacognitive, cognitive, behavioral, and motivational aspects, along with being specifically relevant to cross-cultural contexts studies (Earley & Ang, 2003; Hampden-Turner & Trompenaars, 2006; Triandis, 2006), and human resource management (Earley & Peterson, 2004). In cultural intelligence, the principle of motivation refers to one's self-efficacy, confidence, ability to be persistent