the Stockholm Declaration, 1972 included provisions for safeguarding flora and fauna and preserving natural ecosystems. The World Conservation Strategy 1980, a joint effort of the IUCN, UNEP, WWF for Nature and UNESCO strives to motivate the people, change their behavior and attitudes towards conserving nature. The World Charter for Nature, 1982 advocated that conservation of nature should be an integral part of planning and implementation of social and economic developmental activities. The Rio Declaration
2.2. CONCEPT OF BIODIVERSITY It has been estimated that more than 50 million species of plants, animals and micro-organisms are existing in the world. Out of these, about 1.4 million species have been identified so far. Each species is adapted to live in specific environment, from mountain peaks to the depth of seas, from polar ice caps to tropical rain forests and deserts. All this diversity of life is confined to only about one kilometre thick layer of lithosphere hydrosphere and atmosphere which
how evolution generates biodiversity through the process of natural selection and speciation, we must first understand and define those terms. Oxford dictionaries define natural selection as "the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring." Speciation is "the process in which new genetically distinct species evolve usually as a result of genetic isolation from the main population." (Speciation, 2008) Biodiversity is the variation of life
Restrictive management practices, exclusionary conservation policy and non – participatory governance of protected area have rigorously affected livelihoods of an indigenous people who are predominately dependent on natural resources (Amin, 2015; West, 2006; Wells 1995). In the context of Nepal, the notion of biodiversity conservation held constraining perspective on the protection of flora and fauna. Therefore, several conflicts between park – people in protected areas are presented in literature
Biological resources provided by the Earth play essential role in economic and social development of the humans. Therefore, it is of great importance to acknowledge an enormous value of biological diversity both to present and future generations. However, ecosystems and species have never been under such threat as they are nowadays. Loss of species caused by human activities continues at an alarming rate (CBD, 2014). As a reaction to the seriousness of the problem, in November 1988 the United Nations
However, in this study, we focused specifically on three namely, documentation of medicinal plants and knowledge of their use, traditional forest-related knowledge and conservation of natural forests among the Orang Asli. These attributes were broadly based on the ecosystem services identified in line with the CBD and Malaysia’s National Policy on Biological Diversity 1998. Indigenous knowledge and practices pertaining to
economics, environment and social and culture (ROSLI, 2012). One of the objectives of Mangrove Forest Management is for conservation and protection of its resource and environment to provide for the continuous existence of sufficient habitats for the proliferation of wildlife, the production of fisheries, recreation and eco-tourism, education, research and other bio-diversity conservation (ROSLI, 2012). Other than that, NFA has organized a management zoning for mangrove forests. It has started its reservation
attributes directly associated with Orang Asli and and their wise use of natural resources, we focused specifically on three major attributes, namely documentation of medicinal plants and knowledge of their use, traditional forest-related knowledge and conservation of natural resources. These attributes were broadly based on the ecosystem services identified in line with local and international policies, including the National Policy on Biological Diversity and CBD. The indigenous knowledge and practices
occupy 39% of the land area of Nepal, but deforestation is rampant. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimates that Nepal lost about 2640 sq km of forest cover between 2000 and 2005. In this bleak scenario, the protection of forests and their biodiversity is a great challenge to Nepal. Hence the Nepalese Army (NA) was called upon to meet this challenge in 1975 with a mission to protect endangered species, plants and the natural heritage. Since then the Nepalese Army has been responsible for the
However, we focused specifically on three major attributes, namely documentation of medicinal plants and knowledge of their use, traditional forest-related knowledge and conservation of natural forests. These attributes were broadly based on the ecosystem services identified in line with the CBD and Malaysia’s National Policy on Biological Diversity 1998. Indigenous knowledge and practices pertaining to medicinal plants are