Huntington's Disease Background

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History and Medical Background George Huntington first described Huntington’s Chorea, in 1782, while studying patients in Long Island (The Johns Hopkins University, 2015). He called the disorder Huntington’s Chorea, after twitching disorders, thought to be signs of demonic possession, that were observed in the Middle Ages. Today, the disorder is referred to as Huntington’s disease (Phillips, 2001). It is fatal neurodegenerative disorder , as it causes the destruction of the brain’s neurons, and thus, the patients physical and intellectual capacities. It is estimated that there are 30,000 individuals affected in the United States (Huntington’s Disease Society of America, 2015). Description of Symptoms On average, Huntington’s disease manifests…show more content…
Choreic movements are often suppressed with neuroleptics, also known as antipsychotics, such as; haloperidol, which antagonizes dopamine receptors (Epocrates Inc.,2015), olanzapine, which antagonizes dopamine, and serotonin receptors (Epocrates Inc.,2015), benzodiazepines, which bind to benzodiazepine receptors and enhance the effects of GABA (Epocrates Inc.,2015), and tetrabenazine, which inhibits monoamine uptake (Epocrates Inc.,2015), (Warby, A. C., Graham, R. K., & Hayden, M. R , 2014). Antipsychotics can also help to control hallucinations and violent outbursts (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, 2015). Drugs that are used to treat Parkinson’s disease can help alleviate loss of muscle movement, hypokinesia, and stiffness (Warby et al., 2014). Anti-depressants are used to help with a patients with depression (Health Care Specialists at UCSF Medical Center, 2015) . Sedative can help control outbursts and anxiety. Lithium is often used to control severe mood swings (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke,…show more content…
The therapies that are effective are limited to the treatment of symptoms, and many of the medications available have significant side affects. Antipsychotics, that are often used to suppress choreic movements, can cause increased dystonia, another form of muscle contraction separate from chorea, and cause individuals to become ridged and stiff, as well as sedated (Health Care Specialists at UCSF Medical Center, 2015) (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, 2015). Anti-Parkinson medications can cause increased chorea (Warby, A. C., Graham, R. K., & Hayden, M. R , 2014). For these reasons, medications should be used in the lowest possible doses (Health Care Specialists at UCSF Medical Center, 2015) (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke,

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