Fear Of Communism

722 Words3 Pages
“McCarthyism” refers to the anti-communist hysteria that gripped the United States in the early 1950s, fuelled by US Senator Joseph McCarthy. McCarthyism had vital impacts on US society through the fear and panic it triggered across America during this period. Not only did McCarthyism take away the rights of people, creating a culture of fear but unknown numbers of innocents also had their lives ruined by the poorly backed accusations of McCarthy and HUAC. McCarthyism not only destroyed the lives and careers of many Americans but also the image of the country. Following the cold war between Russia and the United States there came many hardships, such as unemployment and high inflation; two recessions occurred during the 1950s. These hardships…show more content…
Throughout the country a witch hunt began known as the second Red Scare, which carried the basic idea that Communists were evil and that anyone who participated in such evil dwellings were illegitimate and were to be excluded from society. The fear of communism developed in the USA in the years after the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 in Russia and although the USA and the Soviet Union were allies during World War Two, American distrust of communism grew in the post war years, due to the threat the iron curtain posed to NATO and the USSR’s creation of an atomic bomb. Together, these increased fear of communism, to the point of mass hysteria, and Senator McCarthy was able to exploit these fears to win himself power. Combined, these issues created an atmosphere of fear and alarm, which proved a ripe environment for the rise of anti-communist McCarthy. McCarthy took charge, trying to eradicate all of the suspected Communists from American society, who he believed had infiltrated America, by targeting individuals in all parts of society and claiming they had ties to the communist party – be it as sympathisers, spies or a member of the party. McCarthy's finger pointing had a significant impact on society and those he labelled as being communist. Not only were many people publically humiliated and stripped of their rights in defending themselves in the courtroom, but many people also lost their jobs; most of the East Asian specialists had been purged from…show more content…
The ‘Federal Employee loyalty program’ was set up to investigate communist sympathisers working for the government and during three years, three million people were investigated. Whilst no one was found guilty of spying, over 200 were thought to be communist sympathisers and were forced out of their jobs. The US government also had HUAC set up which allowed the FBI to investigate anyone who was seen to be taking part in ‘un-American’ activities. The Hollywood Ten are an example of HUAC’s target. These Ten actors, directors and writers were blacklisted and jailed due to not cooperating with HUACs investigations. The Hollywood blacklist began with the Hollywood Ten and eventually swelled to include more than 300 names. These blacklisted actors and directors, were expelled out of Hollywood and ultimately became unemployable. Many were afraid to speak out against McCarthy for fear he would attack them as being a communist and ruin their career. Even Eisenhower feared McCarthy would attack his campaign if he criticised McCarthy’s tactics or opposed his accusations – such as that of Marshall. Liberals in Congress rushed to prove their loyalty by voting for laws like the McCarran Act, which outlawed the communist
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