into the region fairly easily, given that most of the then current kings were unaware of the slow but certain threat of invasion posed by these Europeans . Singapore is often referred to a sort of oddity in this situation, due to its relative lack of opposition and its seemingly advantageous rather than entirely suppressive impacts of colonialism. The city-state was unique from the other similar yet distinct ports in the region and was in a sense created rather than just affected by the colonialist
both the pressures of the Cold War and contending nationalism, served to create a regional pattern of international relations in Southeast Asia that was largely dominated by outside powers and influences. Superpowers rivalry gradually replaced colonialism
Introduction In the contemporary world, English language is the proffered language of communication in many communities. Most of English speakers are not native and have acquired English literacy as a secondary language. However, it is a medium of ‘intra-national’ and ‘international’ communications (A. Matsuda & P. Matsuda, n.d.). Throughout the world all communities use a structurally different dialect of the English, hence the term ‘Englishes’. Like Australia, there are many countries in the world