non-feudal armies • But English kings enjoyed a major advantage: England was NOT subdivided into feudal principalities: i.e., duchies and counties ruled locally by feudal princes (from Norman Conquest) • (2) Growing threat of mercantile towns and urban bourgeoisie: who financed kings, and lent them administrative support (though some became nobles) • (3) Military Innovations: - new infantry formations: pikes fixed in the ground: Scots & Flemings (1297-1314) - Genoese cross-bows and English long-bows - Artillery:
killing. The Spanish, English, and others managed to plow through the Native Americans and Africans to get to profit. Utilizing fear and religion as weapons, the Europeans completely subjugated the political, environmental, economic, and cultural aspects of the New World. The Europeans left no people or place unscathed in their ethnocentric selfishness. * The blunders of Columbus opened
According to the masculine perspective, this philosophy was irrational and the world of sylphs and gnomes, fanciful. Pope is well aware that it is the Age of Reason, yet he deliberately employs the Rosicrucian philosophy to point out how irrational it is and to simultaneously point at the irrationality of women who were likely to take it seriously just as they do the novels. Novel reading in the 18th century was often synonymous with trivial reading as they did not require deliberation and serious
However, the sudden change in the social and economic system confused the Russian people, who had been used to living in a country that would tell everyone what to do. Therefore, they were unsure what to do in the sudden reformation. Essentially, “There was no commitment, no participation, and no prosperity”; “Inflation rate reached 245% in January 1992, suspicion gave way to fear” (Judah 27). The GDP in Russia decreased by 44%, consumption of meat decreased by 40% (21). What Yeltsin brought to Russia