avoided. If the mixture does come in contact with the skin, the skin should be washed with soap and water. During the distillation process, the mixture is being heated to its boiling point. The samples are collected at this elevated temperature, and precautions, such as heat resistant gloves, need to be taken to prevent burns. Collecting samples from the upper trays on the distillation column requires the use of a platform. All samples should be collected slowly, and vials not being used should not
of water and methanol through simple and fractional distillation, two similar processes, and comparing the distillation graphs of both processes. Procedure Part A- Simple Distillation of a Water-Methanol Mixture • A mixture of methanol and water was prepared by adding 5 mL of water with 5 mL of methanol into a round bottom flask, it was noted that the mixture had a slight whitish tint. After setting the flask to the side, a simple distillation setup was constructed inside the fume hood, an illustration
Specific goals were to achieve 10-12% acidity using constructed lab scale production facilities and to characterize the species of vinegar bacteria used in acetification. Vinegar is the product made from the conversion of ethyl alcohol to acetic acid by a genus of bacteria, Acetobacter. Therefore, vinegar can be
BIOFUELS Two problems roused the world’s concern in recent years. One is energy crisis caused by the squandering of petroleum fuel. Second problem is environmental problems such as greenhouse effect, global warming, etc. To deal with such problems, renewable sources, utilization technology and bioenergy production technology have been developed. Bioethanol as one of the biofuel can be blended in different proportions in automobiles with gasoline. Biobutanol is also a new biofuel (Liu, Wang, & Zhang
CHAPTER: 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Petroleum is one of the primary sources of energy. It is the back bone of industries. It goes through a long chain from exploration to retailing- before it is available for usage in different forms. In our country, the Refining business is primarily dominated by Public Sector Undertaking Companies like Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. (IOCL), Bharat Petroleum Corporation Ltd. (BPCL), Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd. (HPCL), etc. Apart from PSUs, major player in this sector